EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING IN AUSTRALIA BEFORE MECKERING AND AFTER NEWCASTLE by Charles Bubb BE‚ DIC (Eng. Seis.)‚ FIEAust‚ CPEng SUMMARY Earthquake Engineering in Australia‚ as elsewhere‚ has been formulated in the aftermath of damaging earthquakes. The first Australian Code AS2121-1979 was written and published after the 1968 Meckering WA earthquake. The second AS1170.4 1993 was published after the 1989 Newcastle NSW earthquake. Good quality Building Codes are a necessary basis for sound earthquake
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The largest earthquake ever occurred in the 20th century was the Valdivia Earthquake. As cited in the sources‚ the magnitude of this powerful earthquake was approximately 9.5 and totally destroyed communities near the epicenter. Because this great number of magnitude has a power to eradicate everything around it. Other earthquakes might be the larger but it’s the first one since accurate estimates of magnitude became possible. This was a megathrust earthquake which means that an earthquake occurred
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2013 a calamity so unexpected and tragic struck the islands in Central Visayas. Recorded as the deadliest earthquake that struck the Philippines in 23 years‚ fear‚ anxiety and panic were felt all throughout the area. Houses collapsed‚ buildings got destroyed and churches had fallen. More crucially‚ lives had been taken. Currently‚ we’re still within weeks after the 7.2 magnitude earthquake‚ hit into the peaceful surfaces of Bohol and Cebu. The destruction brought about by the quake is heartbreaking—over
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San Francisco have all experienced a fault shift. In the case of Houston‚ the likelihood of an earthquake is extremely low. The instances of a fault shift on that area of the North American Plate don’t occur often. Earthquakes that occur are not by normal means of plates shifting but from the process of fluid extraction (Fehling 19). Seattle on the other hand has a very high probability of an earthquake occurring. There are three different types of quakes that the city experiences crustal quakes‚
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Test 3 Study Guide Test 3 will cover chapters 5‚ 6‚ 7‚ 8‚ 9‚ and the material presented on Hurricane Katrina and the recent earthquake in Japan. It will have 42 multiple-choice (2 points each) and 4 short answer/diagrams (4 points each). Topics for review * Earthquake terms: * fault: break (fracture) in a rock * rupture: breaking of rock along a fault * hypocenter (focus): rupture point of rock below surface * epicenter: point on earth surface directly above hypocenter
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The worst earthquake Haiti has experienced in two centuries has hit south of the capital Port-au-Prince on Tuesday (12/01/2010)‚ destroying homes‚ hospitals‚ schools and effecting up to three million people. The earthquake hit at 4:53 PM (Pacific Time)‚ 25 km southwest of Port-au-Prince. The initial shock registered at a magnitude of 7.0 and was followed by two aftershocks of magnitudes of 5.9 and 5.5. More aftershocks are expected to follow in the coming days. The focus occurred at a depth of
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The Wall Street Journal opens by defining the Haiti Earthquake as the strongest to hit the Caribbean in more than two centuries. Various witness reports were included‚ one of which from the Administer of Mercy and Sharing in Haiti: a charity that houses 109 orphans‚ notes the various dead bodies lying on the street‚ the numerous injured citizens‚ and the ringing cries of help in an area just 10 miles outside of the earthquakes epicenter. The report specifically describes the devastated infrastructure
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Before the earthquake‚ Haiti was already a country with high prevalence of infant mortality‚ poor nutrition‚ and diseases such as HIV and Turberclosis. In Haiti ‚“An estimated 87 of every 1‚000 children born die by the age of 5 years‚ and >25% of surviving children experience chronic undernutrition or stunted growth. Maternal mortality rate is 630 per 100‚000 live births.” (SITE) The life expectancy in Haiti is 61 years. Due to low vaccination rates‚ Haitians are at risk of spreading vaccine preventable
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on the agency scale as a grade 7 accident‚ which was in the same grade as Chernobyl accident‚ but a few number on the agency’s scale (After Fukushima: Enough Is Enough‚ n.d.). The shaking of the earth in the east of Japan on 11 March 2011. This earthquake caused a powerful tsunami that reached the height of approximately 15 meters (The Situation at Fukushima‚ n.d.). Furthermore‚ the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants experienced a lot of destruction caused by a tsunami that hit the reactors in
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Earthquakes An earthquake is a shaking or trembling of the crust of the earth caused by underground volcanic action or by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the surface. The volcanic action and shifting rocks create strain which continues to build to a sudden release of pressure resulting in a shock wave. The vibrations produced in the crust can vary from barely noticeable to enormously destructive. Shock waves can be classified into two broad categories. Waves that send particles oscillating
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