Enlightenment Absolutism from 1689 to 1799 in Eastern Europe Were enlightenment and absolutism ever compatible? Lonnie Johnson answered that question by stating “[they] may appear incompatible in theory‚ but they were compatible in practice” (Johnson‚ 98). Peter the Great‚ Maria Theresa‚ and Joseph II were the living proof of Johnson’s affirmation. From 1689 to 1799‚ Enlightened Despotism‚ also known as enlightenment from above‚ was enforced by these rulers with the main objective of obtaining more
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“The strengths of cultural and ethical relativism outweigh their weaknesses” - discuss. Cultural relativism is the concept that what is right or wrong varies according to the beliefs of each culture. Within different cultures we may observe that what we believe is morally wrong‚ they see as a normal thing‚ such as how many muslims believe that chopping off the hand is the correct punishment for stealing‚ where as in my culture this would be seen as simply barbaric. Because there are so many different
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In a situation where a group of people sneak up on someone and beat them up just for fun can be a moral cultural relativism in two different ways. Being beaten up for fun can be morally wrong or morally right. Ruth Benedict and Louis Pojman’s view on a random violence like this are based off of relativism and objectivism. Moral cultural relativism are the principles that an individual’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others. It is considering a moral in one society‚ but immoral to
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Absolutism and Democracy During 17th and 18th centuries‚ there has been two types of government; absolutism‚ which gave unlimited power to the monarchs‚ and democracy‚ which gave power to the people. However‚ in my opinion‚ absolutism was still the most effective form of government during this period. There were numerous absolute monarchs such as King James I‚ Machiavelli and King Louis XIV renowned for their cruel use of power as a monarch. People in this time were not as educated as people in
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Assess Rachels’ critique of the main argument for normative cultural relativism (NCR)‚ i.e.‚ the Cultural Differences Argument. How might a proponent of NCR respond to Rachels critique? Is the response effective? Why or why not? In this essay‚ I will discuss James Rachels’ article “The Challenge of Cultural Relativism”‚ in which he criticizes the normative cultural relativism argument which is about how different cultures have different moral codes‚ thus there is no single
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their moral codes. Ethics determine what is right‚ and what is wrong for an individual. However‚ we have adopted a sense of cultural relativism in that we don’t always feel the “right” thing is the ethical thing to do. Dr. Edward Younkins‚ Professor of Accountancy and Business Administration at Wheeling Jesuit University‚ states that this form of cultural relativism comes from‚ “...the mistaken idea that there are no objective
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Moral relativism is one’s perception of what is acknowledged to be morally just or unjust depending on accepted demeanor. Certain behaviors and manners that a specific culture may consider to be acceptable‚ another culture may consider to be unethical. In such an instance‚ neither one of the cultures would be incorrect. Morals are culturally defined in that it originates from the root as to what is considered socially acceptable. In Mary Midgley’s “Trying out one’s new sword”‚ she argues that moral
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After the defeat of Napoleon‚ at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815‚ Europe had become engulfed in a war of political ideology pitting conservatism versus liberalism. Conservatism was a more traditionalist view held by leaders‚ like Metternich‚ and were for a more subservient populace to the authority. Conservatives further believed the government should be held by the elite class and were strongly against liberal demands for civil liberties. Liberals were a product of the enlightenment which swept over
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Compare and Contrast between absolute and constitutional monarchy There are various types of political systems all across the world and each influences differently their region and society. The absolute monarchy of Louis XVI of France and the constitutional monarchy of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdoms are two great political systems. The absolute monarchy of Louis XVI lasted 17 and was one which followed the exact principals of an absolute monarchy. The constitutional monarchy of Queen
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Cultural Relativism and Ethnocentrism may attribute to the differences btw Religion & Magic. Ethnocentrism is a cultural attitude that one’s own culture is the best‚ thus we evaluate other cultures on the basis of our own cultural perspective. On the other hand‚ Cultural Relativism is opposite of ethnocentrism and is based on understanding other cultures in the context of that culture only and not from our own cultural standard. According to Durkheim religion is a system of beliefs and practices
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