* Standard Costing Introduction Cost figures‚ in general‚ can be divided into two broad categories. They are Historical Costs and Standard Costs. Historical costs are available‚ after they are incurred. Such cost figures may have some value‚ once they are analysed. By analysis‚ the inefficiencies and deficiencies in production may be detected. However‚ the damage would have occurred‚ by the time the analysis under Historical costs is made. Analysis can be done only after the completion of the
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for assistance in areas that could lead to added financial gain. This paper will discuss strategies of the management staff for a company named Super Bakery Inc. and why it was necessary to install an accounting system known as ABC (activity based costing) for its business. This paper will also conclude on whether a job order cost system or process order cost system is needed for the Super Bakery Inc. Company. The strategies that the management team of Super Bakery Inc. used were their success
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LIFE CYCLE COSTING Life cycle costing (LCC) is the process of collecting‚ interpreting and analyzing data and using quantitative tools and techniques to predict the future resources that will be required in any life cycle of a system of interest. LCC can also be defined as a technique to establish the total cost of ownership. It is a structured approach addresses all the elements of this cost and can used to produce a spend profile of a product over its life span. The result of LCC usually
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Activity Based Costing can be defined as an accounting methodology that assigns costs to activities based on their use of resources‚ rather than products or services. This enables resources and other associated costs to be more accurately attributed to the products and the services which they use. It doesn’t change or eliminate any costs; it provides detailed information about how costs are consumed. (Online manager-net.com). Traditional cost accounting looks at what is spent‚ while ABC methods
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Contract costing is a type of a specific order costing: Contractor costing is generally used for the works of constructional nature such as civil engineering works etc.‚ Each contract is considered as a separate unit of cost and a separate account is kept for each individual contract. The special features of contract costing are as detailed below: Materials: The materials purchased directly or issued from the stores or transferred from other contracts are recorded on the debit side of the
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2.3 Conceptual Framework. The following conceptual framework will be used for this study: Independent Variables Dependent Variable Figure 2.1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Author‚ 2016) 2.3.1 Credit Information Sharing /Symmetry. CRBs are a typical response to information asymmetry problems between lenders and borrowers which is usually there between the lender and the borrower about the
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References: Baber‚ W.‚ P. Fairfield‚ and J. Haggard. 1991. The effect of concern about reported income on discretionary spending decisions: The case of research and development Bange‚ M. M. and W. F. M. De Bondt. 1998. R&D budgets and corporate earnings budgets Bar-Gill‚ O.‚ and L. Bebchuk. 2003. Misreporting corporate governance. Working paper. Barton‚ J. and P. Simko. 2002. The balance sheet
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IEEE TRANSACTIONSON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS‚VOL. 40‚ NO. 1‚ FEBRUARY 1993 Variable Structure Control: A Survey John Y. Hung‚ Member‚ IEEE‚ Weibing Gao‚ SeniorMember‚ IEEE‚ and James C. Hung‚ Fellow‚ IEEE Abstract-A tutorial account of variable structure control with brief discussions about its historical development are pre- sliding mode is presented in
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Competitive advantage therefore can be achieved by establishing cost leadership. The ultimate challenge faced by any company would be to leverage between the escalating operational costs and falling revenues so as to maximise the profits. Determine the costing procedure of an airline industry and the various possible efforts it takes to reduce the costs. The airline industry employs a trend and horizontal analysis to evaluate its performance and productivity. This industry can be categorised into international
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INTRODUCTION Life cycle costing is one of the various techniques in strategic management. It is a procurement as well as production costing technique that considers all life cycle costs. Besides‚ it is also a tool to determine the most cost-effective option among different competing alternatives to do a project‚ when each is equally appropriate to be implemented on technical grounds.This report will discuss life cycle costing in the view of production costing technique. In manufacturing‚ the
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