most attention because it coincides with the low-loss region of silica fibers used for optical-communications [14]. The erbium absorption line that best matches with available high power pump diodes is in the 980 regime. At this wave-length‚ the absorption cross section of erbium is so low that an excessive amount of fiber would be required for efficient pump absorption‚ and due to reabsorption inherent in a three level laser system‚ the overall laser efficiency would suffer due to the long fiber
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of Jupiter‚ the phases of Venus and the rough features of the moon. This new evidence conflicted with the Ptolemaic model and the idea of perfect ‘heavenly’ bodies. 2) Discuss why some wavebands can be more easily detected from space Selective absorption by the Earth’s atmosphere of some wavelength bands affects how and where we study EM radiation
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product from the cyclohexanol starting component‚ previously learned lab techniques such as extractions and simple distillation were used. The formation of the product was verified by performing a Bromine test as well as an analysis using IR Spectroscopy. A percent yield of 8.33% was obtained. Introduction: In an elimination reaction‚ two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism. There is a removal of a leaving group and a proton to form alkenes. The
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160 A-Ultra-violet spectrophotometer in the range (200-1000) nm. Atomic absorption measurements of the prepared complex were obtained using Shimadzu 680cc-flame. The magnetic susceptibility values were obtained at room temperature using Magnetic Susceptibility Balance Bruke Magnet B.M.6. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
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Cited: Gilbert‚ John and Stephen F. Martin. Experiment Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale & Microscale Approach. Belmont‚ CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole‚ 2010. 537-547. Print “Table of IR Absorption”. The WebSpectra. UCLA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry‚ 22 Jun‚ 2000. Web. 19 Jan‚ 2013.
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law with respect to bleach and blue dye‚ a series of graphic and algebraic manipulations were done on the data obtained in the kinetic trace experiment in order to determine the different components that made up the rate law. Using absorbance spectroscopy to monitor concentration over time‚ rate order of the dye was found to be 1st order through the integrated rate law and through the proportionality method; the order of the bleach was also determined to be 1st order. Using this information‚ the
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There was distillation of liquid in the lower ranges of around 30°C-40°C. This indicates that there was no side reactions‚ as none of the side product was retrieved. Liquid distill at about 82.8°C‚ which indicates that 2-chloro-2-methylbutane was the only product of this reaction. The theoretical yield was calculated using 2-methyl-2-butanol as the limited reagent in the reaction‚ and was found to be 7.80 grams of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. The experimental yield that was retrieved was found to be
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UV Spectroscopy: UV spectroscopy is concerned with ranges from 190 to 370 nm. Compound which are colourless absorb radiation in UV range. In both UV as well as visible spectroscopy only the valence electrons absorb the energy there by molecule undergoes transition from ground state to exited state. This absorbance is characteristic and depends on the nature of the electron present. The intensity of the electron depends on the concentration and path length as given by Lambert beer’s law. Lambert
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FORENSIC SCIENCE Notes Chapter 1: Introduction Sir Bernard Spilsbury is the 1st forensic science celebrity. A legal system does the following process‚ 1. Collect evidence from experts‚ witnesses and police 2. Prosecution and defense lawyers present cases and arguments 3. Judge and Jury (abolished in some countries including Singapore) decides outcome *Innocent until proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt. Limits of Forensic Science Actus Reus: A guilty action Mens Rea: A guilty mind or intention
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Science road map‚ (2000). Retrieved From: origins@stsci.edu http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/library/scienceplan/science01.html Kroswell‚ K.‚ (2012). H-R Diagram. Retrieved‚ from: http://stardate.org/radio/program/h-r-diagram Kulesa‚ C.‚ (1997). What is Spectroscopy?‚ from: http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html Villanueva‚ J. C. (2010). Life Cycle of the Sun. Retrieved‚ from http://www.universetoday.com/56522/life-cycle-of-the-sun/
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