In the experiment of distillation we separated two miscible liquids. The purpose of distillation is to identify and purify compounds. We began our experiment by setting up an apparatus for macroscale simple distillation. We used 60 ml of Cyclohexane/ Toluene. We began with the temperature at 50 degrees Celsius. Unfortunately‚ we reached an error when the compounds evaporated too rapidly. The compounds evaporated so quickly that we lost data from 2 ml to 13 ml. The heat was lowered and as a result
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FRACTIONAL RESERVE BANKING Fractional reserve banking is a system under which bankers keep as reserves only a fraction of the funds they hold on deposit. This system has three features: • Bank Profitability By getting deposits at zero interest and lending some of them out at positive interest rates‚ goldsmiths made profits. The history of banking as a profitmaking industry was begun and has continued to this date. Banks‚ like other enterprises‚ are in business to earn profits. • Bank Discretion
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eugenol in the basic aqueous layer‚ and acetyleugenol in the organic layer. The basic aqueous layer can be acidified to re-extract eugenol from it. And the organic layer can be dried and concentrated to yield acetyleugenol The principle of steam distillation is based on the fact that two immiscible liquids will boil at a lower temperature than the boiling points of either pure component‚ because the total vapor pressure of the heterogeneous mixture is simply the sum of the vapor pressures of the individual
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Distillation Column In the the Chemical Enginneering Lab at CSULB there is a total reflux eight-stage glass binary distillation column at atmospheric pressure. The components that need to be separated are 1-propanol and 2-propanol. These two compounds are isomers with fairly close boiling points. They are separated based on their physical propertis. With the
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Steam Distillation Purpose: To use steam distillation to purify heat sensitive‚ natural products‚ like essential oils. Procedure Please refer to: Williamson‚ Macroscale &Microscale Organic Experiments 4th Ed.‚ pgs.98-109 Results Table 1.1: Steam distillation Drop # (every third drop) Temperature (ºC) Addition of 0.5 mL water 1 100.3 Water added 2 100.5 3 100.5 Water added 4 100.6 Water added 5 100.6 6 100.6 Water added 7 100.6 8 100.6 Water added 9 100.3 10 100.6
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Cheryl Baclit Chem 234 Experiment 4: Steam Distillation Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to extract Eugenol from Cloves using steam distillation as a purification technique and to transfer Eugenol from the aqueous phase to the MeCl2 phase. With steam distillation‚ the boiling point of a mixture of immiscible liquids is lower than the boiling points of the individual components. Water from the steam is one of the components of an immiscible liquid mixture. The vapor pressures of
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All about Distillation Distillation is a process that is used to purify a lot of substances on a domestic as well as commercial basis. It is very interesting to know about the process in detail as it is a natural process. The story begins when a liquid or solid state of mater responds to the heat in environment. The heat makes the liquid state or solid state of matter to convert into gas state. Liquid Gas (Vaporization) Solids
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Aulora Ellis HFST 1500-400 Abstract Abstract #1 By: Yie-Chu Foo; Cai-Lian Tam; Teck-Heang Lee. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health (IJCRIMPH). Mar2012‚ Vol. 4 Issue 3‚ p190-201. 12p. Drugs have been around for ages and it comes in many different forms throughout its existence. With changes in the forms of drugs‚ technology and other environmental factors over time‚ underlying the mechanisms causing drug abuse could have evolved too. Therefore
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Distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka‚ and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. In the organic lab‚ distillation is used for purifying solvents and liquid reaction products. To understand distillation‚ first consider what happens upon heating
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Multiplication of contaminant bacteria in urine and interpretation of delayed culture. Abstract A prospective study of the bacterial populations of non-infected urine was mounted in an attempt to define the length of delay between voiding and analysis during which culture would not give false positive results due to the multiplication of contaminant bacteria present at the time of voiding. The findings suggest that culture of urine within four hours of voiding is likely to give a true indication
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