Educational Equity Having educational equity means understanding the changes that education has gone through‚ it means understanding what/ who impacts or changes education policies‚ being mindful of varying perspectives‚ and being fair to all students. We have to examine the achievement of students to understand true equity. Has achievement levels changed within the differing groups? According to Schrag (2004) the gaps in achievement‚ should start to close as the pressure on U. S. schools to achieve
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Shareholders’ equity 3. Non-current assets 4. Long-term liabilities Solution 3-18 1. Acid-test ratio = Quick assets ÷ Current liabilities =1.20 Quick assets = Current assets - Inventories Quick assets = Current assets - $840‚000 Current assets ÷ Current liabilities =2.25 Current assets - $840‚000 ÷ Current liabilities =1.20 $840‚000 ÷ Current liabilities = 1.05 Current liabilities = $800‚000 Current assets ÷ $800‚000 = 2.25 Current assets = $1‚800‚000 2. Debt to equity ratio =
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Debt with Warrants Like a convertible security‚ debt with warrants attached is issued with a feature that allows its holder to purchase a given number of shares at a certain price. Warrants act as a “sweetener” when attached to debt securities. It adds its marketability and lowers its required interest rate. Usually‚ the holders (of warrants) will not exercise their warrants until the market value of the security exceeds the exercise price because they can purchase the said security in a cheaper
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of traditional internal debt finance? PDVSA should think about financing the development of the Orinoco Basin by using project finance. The company (PDVSA) is looking forward to the financing of a public-private “chain” of deals between PDVSA and other foreign organizations that posses technological know-how‚ crude oil marketing capacity and creditworthiness‚ to develop the Orinoco Basin. This is good to them because this type of deal will allow PDVSA to keep its debt and cash capabilities‚ in
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Customer equity is a result of customer relationship management. Customer equity is the total of discounted lifetime values of all of the firms customers. In layman terms‚ the more loyal a customer‚ the more is the customer equity. Firms like McDonalds‚ Apple and Facebook have very high customer equity and that is why they have an amazing and sustainable competitive advantage. Customer Equity is made up of three components. Value Equity‚ Brand Equity and Relationship Equity. Value Equity
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• Specify the effect of financial leverage on beta using the Hamada equation‚ and transform this equation to calculate a firm’s unlevered beta‚ bU. • Illustrate through a graph the premiums for financial risk and business risk at different debt levels. • List the assumptions under which Modigliani and Miller proved that a firm’s value is unaffected by its capital structure‚ then explain trade-off theory‚ signaling theory‚ and the effect of taxes and bankruptcy costs on capital structure
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Cost of equity refers to a shareholder’s required rate of return on an equity investment. It is the rate of return that could have been earned by putting the same money into a different investment with equal risk. How It Works/Example: The cost of equity is the rate of return required to persuade an investor to make a given equity investment. In general‚ there are two ways to determine cost of equity. First is the dividend growth model: Cost of Equity = (Next Year’s Annual Dividend /
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Equity Theory by John Stacey Adams Equity Theory attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceptions of fair/unfair distributions of resources within interpersonal relationships. Equity theory is considered as one of the justice theories; it was first developed in 1962 by John Stacey Adams‚ a workplace and behavioral psychologist‚ who asserted that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs that they bring to a job and the outcomes that they receive from it against the
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EC 109 Autumn 2011 Dr. Mani Problem Set 2 Due Date: Oct31‚ Monday – between 9 & 11 AM in room S 2.132 Please keep a copy of your assignment and show all your work clearly. (1) Mr. J. Bond‚ a retired movie actor‚ consumes only grapes and the composite good Y (i.e. price of Y is £1). His income consists of £10000 a year from his investment fund plus the proceeds of whatever he sells of the 2000 bushels of grapes he harvests
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Costing Method Paper ACC/561 September 09‚ 2013 James Krause Absorption accounting method according to E Notes (n.d.) “is a method of accounting where all costs of the manufacturing are included and are allocated to the produced units”. This would include fixed‚ variable and mixed costs. This type of accounting would allow a more accurate figure to supply to upper management about their product and what the bottom line is. This is the most important factor in Absorption accounting
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