THE LAWS OF RETURN TO SCALE The laws of return to scale explain the behavior of output in response to a proportional and simultaneous change in input. Increase in inputs proportionately and simultaneously is in fact expansion of the scale of production. Statement: “As a firm in the long run increases the quantities of all factors employed‚ other things being equal‚ the output may rise initially at a more rapid rate than the rise of increase in inputs‚ then output may increase in the same proportion
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Chapter 8 Analysis of Risk and Return © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned‚ copied or duplicated‚ or posted to a publicly accessible website‚ in whole or in part. Introduction This chapter develops the risk-return relationship for individual projects (investments) and a portfolio of projects. The principles can also be applied to securities. © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned‚ copied or duplicated‚ or posted
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Risk and Return Analysis Paper FIN 402 Risk and Return Analysis Paper Creating the right balance of securities in a diversified portfolio is crucial to maximizing return and minimize risk. This can be done through analysis of current and past activity of each product. Through a risk assessment‚ return analysis‚ researching the beta of each security‚ and reviewing the average risk and return‚ we can determine the weights of our securities and devise the strongest portfolio to limit risk and
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DQ 1 Why is tax minimization different from efficient tax planning? Effective tax planning involves considering the role of taxes when implementing the decision rule of maximizing after-tax returns. Tax-minimization does not aim to maximize after-tax returns‚ so it may be undesirable. Tax minimization can introduce significant costs along nontax dimensions. Tax minimization may not consider risks and costs‚ so may not catch the some profitable chances. But‚ effective tax planning always consider
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1. Convert prices to total return (% change in the price) = (Pt – Pt-1) / Pt-1 2. Remove outliers – sort data and remove anything +/- 20% 3. Calculate historical average and historical risk X-BAR = Σx/n Calculate the sum of the total return and divide by the number of observations • Variance = σ2 = Σ(x – x bar) 2 / (n-1) Fix X-BAR‚ double click to apply to all dates‚ get the sum‚ divide by (n-1) Risk = σ = √σ = SQRT(Variance) = standard deviation 4. Average Matrix Excel Options
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Question 4 (22 marks) You‚ a CGA‚ are given the following information regarding Stoiche Anders. a. Stoiche Anders is 49 years old and is married to Dimmi. Stoiche has been employed by Fasco Ltd. for a number of years as an engineer. His salary for 2011 was $168‚898 as shown on his T4. Amounts paid by Fasco Ltd. on behalf of Stoiche and not included on his T4 are as follows: • Retirement counselling fee $ 1‚800 • Employer contributions to the company’s Registered Pension Plan $ 675 •
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College of Business and Accountancy COLUMBAN COLLEGE‚ INC. No. 1 Mt. Apo Street‚ New Asinan Olongapo City 2200 Tel. No.: (047) 222-3329 Telefax No.: (047) 222-7789 Website: www.columban.edu.ph DEDUCTIONS FROM GROSS ESTATE 1. Classify the following into exclusive deduction or conjugal/communal deduction. a. Funeral expenses b. Judicial expenses c. Loss of exclusive properties d. Loss of conjugal/communal properties e. Claims against exclusive properties f. Claims against conjugal/communal
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The Return of the Native: Style The Return of the Native is Thomas Hardy’s sixth novel and probably his best known. The story focuses on the lives and loves of residents in the fictional county of Wessex‚ England‚ an area which was based on the rural area where Hardy was raised. The narrative style of the novel is different to that of the traditional writing. He uses different narrative mechanisms in making it attractive to its readers. His different approach towards the treatment different components
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Accounting rate of return Accounting rate of return (also known as simple rate of return) is the ratio of estimated accounting profit of a project to the average investment made in the project. ARR is used in investment appraisal. Formula Accounting Rate of Return is calculated using the following formula: ARR = Average Accounting Profit Average Investment Average accounting profit is the arithmetic mean of accounting income expected to be earned during each year of the project’s life time
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INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN Many companies wants to have a return on their investment in a few years and begin to evaluate their projects optimistically calculating an internal rate of real return not yielding results in the end. This does not end up being expected by the companies; According to the article the authors John C. Kelleher and Justin J. MacCormack . They suggest that there is a tendency to a risky behavior‚ Companies started to run the risk of creating unrealistic numbers for themselves
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