weaknesses and strengths (Palat 1999). However‚ ratio analysis is difficult and there are many limitations. This section will identify and discuss the inadequacies of accounting ratios as tools of financial analysis. ACCOUNTING POLICIES. It is difficult to use ratios to compare companies‚ because they very often follow different accounting policies. For example‚ one company may value stock under the LIFO principle‚ another may follow the FIFO principle. Similarly‚ one company may depreciate assets under
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customer accounts. Fraud Item #2 Invoices are sent for shipped goods and are recorded in the sales journal‚ but are not posted to any customer account. Following the scientific method‚ answer the following questions below: a. Do background research in relationship to the issue to get a more in-depth understanding of the situation. What questions would you ask of management to determine how the fraud is occurring based on the specific fraud identified? Fraud Item #1 Are the employees in
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Q: “Auditing begins where accounting ends. State points of difference between accounting and auditing? “Auditing begins where accounting ends” Accounting is a process of maintaining business records. Joint stock companies are required by law to maintain proper record of business transactions. Maintaining books of accounts and preparing financial statement is a prime responsibility of directors. The shareholders are ambitious to see that their investment is safe. It is therefore imperative
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REVIEW SCHOOL OF THE PHILIPPINES Manila AUDITING THEORY Professional Accounting Practice Related PSA : Preface to PSA and Related Services 1. The following statements relate to the accounting profession: I. To merit public trust and confidence‚ the professional person must convince the public that he will place public service ahead of personal reward. II. A CPA certificate is evidence of basic competence in the discipline of accounting at the time the certificate is granted. III
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governmental auditing requirements (required under the FERC Order 693)‚ tools for project management‚ team and auditee management‚ workpaper documentation‚ interview techniques and other tools needed to conduct an effective and efficient audit and one that will stand up to the rigor of potential regulatory requirements and challenges. Regional Entity Management Group 2 Please Remember… • This is not technical training. There are “hard” and “soft” skills to auditing • This course
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NATURE of AUDITING‚ ATTESTATION AND ASSURANCE SERVICES Let us understand a few terminologies before going further in the discussion of the details of auditing and assurance since these terms will be used often throughout the text. Auditing‚ attestation and assurance services are often used interchangeably because they encompass the same decision-process: defining the decision problem‚ defining the alternative choices‚ identifying and obtaining information relevant to the decision problem‚ evaluating
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A professional judgment is a key factor in auditing. As a result of development of auditing and accounting industry‚ especially after a series of accounting fraud and auditing failure cases‚ such as Enron and Arthur Andersen‚ in the last decade‚ professional judgments is becoming a more and more important aspect for the independent auditing industry. Recently‚ many countries and professional bad issued more strict auditing standards to emphasize to this point. It means the auditor should be required
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Unit 11639 Assessment Apply Consumer legislation to a given fact situation Navi Student ID: Due Date: 5th Aug 2013 Assessment Part 1: Apply selected provisions of the Fair Trading Act 1986 to a given fact situation. 1a) The fair trading act in 1986 defend consumers by prohibiting dishonest or deceptive conduct in trade. It requires that all trading activities are based on right and true information. In this case‚ under the defences available in the act‚ he was not
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explain how an auditor goes about the process of auditing financial statements and presents the five basic stages that the auditor performed during the financial statement audit at Maryward Primary School in Kwekwe for the year ending 31 December 2012. In order to be in a position to fulfil auditing responsibility to report on the client’s annual financial statements‚ the auditor followed a series of procedures and activities as required by the auditing profession. The auditor applied the following
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Research Strategy GEN 200 September 19‚ 2011 Gary Lair Research Strategy When I made the life-changing decision to return to school I knew time management would be just one of many obstacles. Most people think that there are not enough hours in the day to work and have personal time with family and friends let alone return to school. Once I made the leap I‚ like many students‚ became overwhelmed with assignments
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