Accrual Accounting: Income is recorded as you invoice customers‚ and expenses are recorded when you receive bills from vendors‚ regardless of when cash is actually exchanged. This presents a truer picture of income and expenses. Most companies use this method. Cash-Basis Accounting: Income is recorded when cash (checks‚ money orders‚ or currency) is received‚ and expenses are recorded when paid. However‚ unpaid credit sales and purchases do not show on ledgers‚ which can present a misleading
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Concepts of Throughput Accounting In 1890s when cost accounting was introduced‚ labour was the greatest fraction of manufactured cost and considered as a variable cost. Very often workers did not know about the actual time of hours that they have to perform in a week when they reported for duty since the systems of time-keeping were undeveloped. Here comes the importance of throughput accounting which removes the dependence of standard cost accounting on efficiencies‚ particularly the
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1. Functions of departments in Thanh Dung Company * BOD: The main function of the board is to manage the business in the best interest‚ primarily of the shareholders. In other words it is their duty to add value to the business which‚ by definition‚ requires the director to ensure that the Thanh Dung Company continues to improve its profitability and the price or value of its shares. They will set up targets‚ policies and strategies to create the premise for the operation of Thanh Dung Company
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National Schools(Boys) Accounting – IGCSE Past Papers Other relevant details Aim to LEARN because… “Whoever seeks knowledge and finds it‚ will get two rewards; one of them the reward for desiring it‚ and the other for attaining it; therefore‚ even if he does not attain it‚ for him is one reward.” Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Serious sincere systematic study‚ surely secures supreme success. This book belongs to: ____________________________________________ Grade 10: ____ Accounting teacher: Ms. Loveena
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Federal Budgeting and Accounting Cayce Harris ACC-548 01-15-2015 Mindi Smedley Federal Budgeting and Accounting What roles do accountants play in managing government and not-for-profit organizations? According to Granof‚ “conventional‚ business-type management accounting focuses mainly on maximizing net inflow of cash. The aims of governments and not-for-profit organizations‚ of course‚ go well beyond maximizing cash flow” (Granof‚ 2013). Accountants in government and not-for-profit organizations
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conservation Prudence concept: revenue and profits are included in the balance sheet only when they are realized(or there is reasonable ’certainty ’ of realizing them) butliabilities are included when there is a reasonable ’possibility ’ of incurring them. Also called conservation concept. Du Pont analysis A type of analysis that examines a company ’s Return on Equity (ROE) by breaking it into three main components:profit margin‚ asset turnover and leverage factor. By breaking the ROE into
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uncertainty and judgments in applying accounting policies are two important requirements in financial reporting‚ although these are the most subjective and complex areas‚ they are of significance in making business decisions to users of financial statements. This paper compares our company ’s current accounting practice with the requirements in respective accounting standards in relation to disclosure of sources of estimation uncertainty and judgments in applying accounting policies with the aim the identify
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Financial accounting is the only branch of accounting and it is not perfect. There are large numbers of limitations which open new way to use other tools of accounting. To know what are the main limitations of financial accounting. It is very necessary for accountants. Accountants are often blind to these limitations. So‚ I am covering its limitation a lot of ground. Read below and understand:- Net effect of transactions are recorded in financial accounting which has happened in past. These
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Accounting Cycle 1. Identifying and Recording - The first step in the accounting cycle is analysis of transactions and selected other events. The first problem is to determine what to record. 2. Journalization- chronologically lists transactions and other events‚ expressed in terms of debits and credits to accounts. 3. Posting - The procedure of transferring journal entries to the ledger accounts. 4. Trial balance - lists accounts and their balances at a given time. 5. Adjustments -
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J & L Accounting‚ Inc. Income Statement For the Month Ending January 31‚ 2013 Revenues Service Revenues 8‚375.00 Expenses Advertising Expense 2‚350.00 Rent Expense 1‚000.00 Office Supplies Expense 75.00 Telephone Expense 660.00 Utilities Expense 2‚925.00 Depreciation Expense 1‚100.00 Total Expenses 8‚110.00 Net Income 265.00 J & L Accounting‚ Inc. Post-Closing Trial Balance January 31‚ 2013
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