earnings quality since net income does not representatively portray the economic performance of the business entity for the period. Income smoothing relies not on falsehoods and distortions but on the wide leeway existing in alternatively accepted accounting principles and their interpretations. It is conducted within the structure of gaap. In effect‚ it redistributes income statement credits and charges among periods. The prime objective is to moderate income variability over the years by shifting
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All about Me from A to Z Tuskegee Airmen I dedicate my first article to the Tuskegee airmen. They were the first African- American aviators in the United States armed forces. The Tuskegee airmen were subjected to racism. Despite these adversities they trained and flew with distinction. They went on amazing missions and saved many people. I chose these men because they inspired me to believe that even though you may be doubted and scoffed to still strive for your dreams
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IN THE SESSIONS COURT OF KUALA LUMPUR CASE NO. 62A-160-2007‚ 62A-159-2007‚ 62A-208-2007 & 62A-209-2007 PUBLIC PROSECUTOR V 1. TAN SIOK WAN 2. LEE SIN TECK 3. LIM KIM MING 4. LIM KIM HAI WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS OF THE PROSECUTION AT THE END OF PROSECUTION CASE May it please Your Honour‚ The Prosecution submits that it has respectively proven its case beyond reasonable doubt on the following charges and therefore prays that the defence be called on all the charges
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the society. In this report‚ it will use Legitimacy theory to explain BP’s response to this event. Legitimacy theory can be treated as a explanation for voluntary corporate disclosures in annual report. As (Dowling&Pfeffer‚ 1975) says a corporation must act in congruence with norms and society value. First of all‚ Legitimacy theory is based on the concept of substantive rationality and replies upon the notion of a social contract. This theory asserts that organizations seek to ensure that they
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state) be P(L) = 0.5 We assume that the amount of utility or satisfaction Ajay derives from a payoff is equal to the square root of the amount of the payoff. So‚ we get Ui(a) = √x‚ x≥0 Where x is the amount of the payoff The decision theory tells us that the act with the highest expected utility should be chosen. We denote the expected utility of act a1 (AB Ltd.) by EU(a1) and the expected utility of act a2 (XY Ltd.) by EU(a2). Thus‚ we get EU(a1) = 0.5 x √1089 + 0.5 x √0 =
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references Cho‚ CH & Patten‚ DM 2007‚ ‘The role of environmental disclosures as tools of legitimacy: a research note’‚ Accounting‚ Organizations and Society vol. 32‚ no. 7‚ pp. 639-47. Cormier‚ D‚ Magnan‚ M & Van Velthoven‚ B 2005‚ ‘Environmental disclosure quality in large German companies: economic incentives‚ public pressures or institutional conditions?’ European Accounting Review‚ vol. 14‚ no. 1‚ pp. 3-39. Cowan‚ S & Gadenne‚ D 2005‚ ‘Australian corporate environmental reporting: a comparative
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Following is an income statement calculated based on the different equity theories of accounting. Entity Theory Proprietary Theory Orthodox Unorthodox Residual Equity Theory Revenues $ 1‚000‚000 $ 1‚000‚000 $ 1‚000‚000 $ 1‚000‚000 Less: Operating Expenses Cost of goods sold $400‚000 $400‚000 $400‚000 $400‚000 Depreciation $100‚000 $100‚000 $100‚000 $100‚000 Salaries and Wages $200‚000 $200‚000 $200‚000 $200‚000
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critical theorists assess research based on the Positive Accounting Theory? Accounting researchers tend to accept current accounting systems. Rather than focusing on why accounting systems favour certain classes of society‚ research is mainly carried out to such things as what accounting methods are most appropriate in certain circumstances‚ what motivates managers to use one accounting method over another and disclosure. By looking at accounting with a critical perspective is to recognise the way in
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Question 3: Paragraph 81 states that if the amount of consideration to which an entity will be entitled is variable‚ the cumulative amount of revenue the entity recognizes to date should not exceed the amount to which the entity is reasonably assured to be entitled. An entity is reasonably assured to be entitled to the amount allocated to satisfied performance obligations only if the entity has experience with similar performance obligations and that experience is predictive of the amount of consideration
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Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting standards that can be used to bring about one set financial reporting in the world basis. The necessary of international accounting standards arises from the increasing globalization of business and the growth of capital markets in the world. Therefore‚ there is a large demand for accounting information which can be comparable across companies in different countries. The IFRS is issued by the International Accounting Board Committee and is constantly
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