Acid Rain Definition: The term acid rain refers to what scientists call acid deposition. It is caused by airborne acidic pollutants and has highly destructive results. Scientists first discovered acid rain in 1852‚ when the English chemist Robert Agnus invented the term. From then until now‚ acid rain has been an issue of intense debate among scientists and policy makers. Acid rain‚ one of the most important environmental problems of all‚ cannot be seen. The invisible gases that cause acid
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hardness of bone is due to calcium deposits in the matrix while the flexibility comes from the organic material of the matrix. We can illustrate these facts by treating two bone samples by two different methods: 1. Soaking a bone in vinegar (dilute acetic acid) removes calcium and other minerals from the bone. Samples treated in this manner remain flexible but lose their hardness. 2. Baking a bone chars the organic material in the bone matrix leaving the bone very brittle. In this experiment we will
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Lab Report Acids and Alkalis: Chemistry of Neutralization and Salt Formation Introduction: An acid is a group of chemicals. Acids are positively charged ions‚ they are liquid and are solutions of pure compounds in water. If you want to know if something is an acid‚ you can test it by using litmus paper. Acids will turn litmus paper red‚ whilst alkalis will turn it blue. Alkalis are negatively charged ions and are usually solid. Aim: To find out how much of different acids is needed to neutralize
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β-D-Glucose Pentaacetate from its Original D-Glucose and it comparison with literature though Melting point‚ TLC‚ IR‚ 1H and 13C NMR Abstract: The synthesis of the product: β-D-glucose pentaacetate is done though the acetylation using acetic anhydride with D-glucose with the help of sodium acetate. The recrystallization of the product is done though a polar solvent like water. The Result of this experiment has a percentage yield of 61% and analytical methods that are to detect the products
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Process Description Acetaldehyde is produced via dehydrogenation of Ethanol. The reaction is as below: CH3CH2OH CH3CHO + H2 ‚ ΔH = +82.5 kJ/mol Besides the main reaction producing Acetaldehyde‚ there are three side reactions present in the reactor‚ as shown below: 2 CH3CH2OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2 2 CH3CH2OH CH3(CH2)3OH + H2O CH3CH2OH + H2O CH3COOH + H2O The feed of 90% Ethanol is kept in a storage tank with an air vent. Tank blanketing is used in the storage tank with Nitrogen gas. This
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Theory: Esters are derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols with the presence of a catalyst. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group‚ and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)is used as a catalyst for this reaction in order to accelerate the rate at which the product is formed. The general formula of an ester is RCOOR’ in which R is the alkyl group that comes from the carboxylic acid while R’ is the alkyl group that comes from
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For my project‚ I had to create my own acid-base indicator and find out what happens when it is placed in an acidic solution (vinegar) and a basic solution (dissolved baking soda). I chose my indicator to be a fruit because fruits can be very effective at determining how acidic or basic a substance is. My fruit was a blueberry‚ but I couldn’t use raw blueberries because it’s not going to give me the best results. I had to make blueberry juice. I did this by placing several blueberries in a blender
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Acid Rain Air pollution is one of the most common outcomes of the combustion of fossil fuels. A common air pollutant that is released is sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. This is because when coal and fuels obtained from crude oil are burned‚ sulpur and nitrogen is released into the atmosphere‚ which is eventually joint with the oxygen in the air to produce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. When these gases are emitted in sufficient quantities‚ it reacts with the water and oxygen in the atmosphere
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Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent and releases toxic fumes (handle in fume hood) Acetic acid is corrosive‚ harmful if inhaled‚ flammable and can cause burns (handle in fume hood) Gloves are recommended to avoid chemical contact with skin Reaction Scheme: Conversion of acetanilide to p-bromoacetanilide Procedure: To a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a mixture of 95% ethanol (6 mL) and acetic acid (5 mL)‚ dissolve acetanilide (7.4 mmol) and sodium bromide (1.8 g). Place the reaction flask
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Investigating the effects of acid rain in the growth of cress seedlings IntroductionAcid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation‚ which is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants‚ animals and buildings. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulphur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. Acid rain can slow the growth of vulnerable forests and cause leaves and needles to turn brown and fall off. In addition‚ it depletes minerals from the
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