polyesters (page 318) or ester hydrolysis (page 319). These will be covered in Designer Polymers (DP). As a result there is no need to do Problems 4‚ 6 (parts d & e) or 8 (parts d & e). 2. Add Esters from salicylic acid (page 315). 3. Note that the anhydride reactions on pages 318–319 do not need to be learned. They are to explain activity WM5.1: A preparation of aspirin. Activities A revised version of activity WM3 investigates the chemistry of –OH groups. It is available on the Heinemann website.
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Partitioning of organic acid food preservatives between oil and water Olaya Iturbe Navalpotro Student of Food National Institute -DTU Technical University of Denmark Index 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………..pg. 2-4 2. Theoretical background……………………………………………….pg. 5-18 2.1. Preservatives (Sorbic acid and Benzoic acid) 2.2. Solubility and partitioning of food preservatives in food system 2.3. Measurements of the preservatives partitioning in oil-water system 2.4. Influences of
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CERTIFICATION This project report is certified by the supervisor and approved by the head of department of chemical engineering. Supervisor: HOD: Date: Date: DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to God Almighty‚ the Source of all wisdom‚ to him glory and honour be forever Amen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my profound gratitude to all my lecturers‚ especially the Head of Department (HOD) Chemical
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Abstract This project was done to enhance an individual image through body scent. Past odour-related journals were analysed and found that the bacteria and mildew are the cause of the odour. Hence‚ this current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the sunlight in removing the odour and mildew and finding alternatives in replacement of sunlight by using salt‚ vinegar and baking soda. In the experimental procedures‚ dynamo was added to five sweaty shirts. Salt‚ vinegar and baking
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www.igcse.at.ua ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OIL and its many useful PRODUCTS The origin of oil Crude oil is formed from organic material of the remains of plant and animal organisms that lived millions of years ago. These remains form sediments eg at the bottom of seas‚ and become buried under layers of sedimentary rock. They decay‚ without air (oxygen)‚ under the action of heat and pressure to form crude oil over millions of years. It is a fossil fuel because it is formed from
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Thermochemistry (((CLASS INFORMATION)) INTRODUCTION Thermal chemistry was intended to display that chemical reaction and phase changes involve energy. The energy of heat was presented when a change in temperature difference was evaluated. Chemical reactions in a calorimeter were used to determine the amount of heat produced by a reaction. Reactions that absorb heat were noted as endothermic‚ and reactions that release heat were noted as exothermic
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Chemistry Stage 3 Standards Guide Exemplification of Standards through the 2010 WACE Examination Chemistry: Stage 3 Standards Guide 1 2010/33606 Copyright © Curriculum Council‚ 2011 This document—apart from any third party copyright material contained in it—may be freely copied‚ or communicated on an intranet‚ for noncommercial purposes by educational institutions‚ provided that it is not changed in any way and that the Curriculum Council is acknowledged as the copyright owner. Copying
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03g of iodine crystals and added them together into a boiling tube‚ which we labeled "R". After‚ we added a boiling chip into a large test tube labeled "P" and we also labeled an empty regular sized test tube with a "C". When we added 5mL of acetic acid to tube R‚ the solution turned red and was hot. After we add 30 drops of the red solution into tube C and continued to swirl tube R‚ the solution became clear and there was some grey solids in the tube as well. We poured the solution in
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Background: Benzocaine | | C9H11NO2 | Reaction scheme for Fischer Esterification of p-aminobenzoic acid: Synthesis of Benzocaine.3 In 1890‚ a chemist named Ritsert‚ was the first to synthesis benzocaine and introduced it in the market in 1902. Benzocaine is a pain reliever and has many active over-the-counter ingredients. It is also used as a lubricant and topical anesthetic on intratracheal catheters and pharyngeal and nasal airways to obtund the pharynegeal and tracheal reflexesl.2 Sodium
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Experiment #1 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 2‚4-dinitrochlorobenze Name: Anouk Deck-Leger Student I.D: 9380868 Date performed: September 13th‚ 2010 Due Date: September 20th‚ 2010 Introduction: The company DNCB produces large amounts of 2‚4-dinitrochlorobenzene and they sell this product to treat against warts and severe and chronic hair loss. It can also be used as an alternative treatment for HIV. The supervisor notices an excess amount of m-aminobenzoic acid stored away which
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