molecules or ions surrounding it. These can be considered to be attached to the central ion by co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonds. The molecules or ions surrounding the central metal ion are called ligands. Simple ligands include water‚ ammonia‚ acetyl acetone and chloride ions. Ligand has active lone pairs of electrons in the outer energy level. These are used to form co-ordinate bonds with the metal ion. All ligands are lone pair donors. In other words‚ all ligands function as Lewis bases. Lewis acid-base
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CHEM%2315%Fall%2014% Creating useful and beautiful molecules using synthetic organic chemistry – Synthesis of Aspirin and Indigo INTRODUCTION Aspirin Salicylic acid occurs naturally in the bark of willow trees. Prior to the 1800’s‚ willow bark was often brewed into a tea‚ or chewed to relieve pain. While the salicylic acid is effective at reducing pain it was found to irritate the lining of the stomach. It was mostly by chance that on August 10‚ 1897 Felix Hoffmann‚ a German chemist who obtained
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a set up that includes a Hirsch funnel‚ and then rinsed with 9.8 mL of hot water and 5.0 m of ice-cold 95% ethanol. Once rinsed‚ the solids were then recrystallized with a 1:3 ratio of ethanol:acetone; which include 10 mL of ethanol and 20 mL of acetone‚ giving us a total volume of 30.0 mL. Once the 1:3 ratio of ethanol:acetone was added‚ the crude produce is then dissolved by heating the solution on hotplate with the heat knob on about 3-4‚ so as to not overheat the product. Once fully dissolved
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2. A single tube of cerebrospinal fluid is received in the laboratory and the following tests requested: total protein‚ albumin‚ IgG quantitation‚ microbial culture‚ Gram stain‚ leukocyte count and differential cell count. The specimen should be sent to the various laboratories in which order? a. Chemistry lab‚ hematology lab‚ microbiology lab b. Hematology lab‚ chemistry lab‚ microbiology lab c. Microbiology lab‚ hematology lab‚ chemistry lab d. Hematology lab‚ microbiology lab‚ chemistry
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MICROBIOLOGY SECTION The microbiology section aims at studying yu ailments and diseases from the isolation of suspected causative organisms. The processes involved in the isolation of these organisms include; culturing‚ staining‚ microscopy and sensitivity tests. Samples collected for examination include; stool‚ blood‚ sputum‚ urine‚ vaginal swab‚ wound swab and wound biopsy. Bacterial Culturing and sensitivity Cultures are carried out to isolate suspected organisms from a sample. There are different
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Health and Safe Legislation and Regulation You are required to research two different engineering environments that you have come knowledge of. It may be best if one is an electrical environment and one a mechanical environment. For each of these environments: • Identify a minimum of four different sets of regulations that would be relevant • Describe a minimum of three key features of each of the sets of regulations you have chosen. Mechanical Provisional and Use of
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LABORATORY REPORT FOR BIO411 Experiment 5 : Cellular Respiration Experiment 6 : Photosynthesis Title: Cellular Respiration Objective: To observe and determine cellular respiration in yeast/onion cells. * Measure respiration rate using different substrates. * Measure respiration rate at different temperature. Introduction: In this laboratory experiment‚ we are given 3 task. The first one is respiration in yeast. Second is respiratory indicator and the third one is observing
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We recorded our findings on the table labeled table 1. Table 1 shows the transmittance at each wavelength on a table from 400 to 720. The information on Figure 1 came from the leaf extract on the paper chromatography that we used; with the help of acetone we saw the spectrum and the differences of the different pigments. Percentage transmittance in Table 1 show that the lower the number‚ the more dense that solution is at that specific wavelength. As the numbers get higher‚ the less dense it is and
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as recrystallizing solvent: 2 mL 6. Mass of purified salicylic acid: 0.134 g 7. Percent yield of purified salicylic acid from reaction: 63.5% 8. Melting point of purified product: 158-160 oC 9. Name of NMR solvent used and its chemical shifts: Acetone-d6‚ the chemical shifts are 29.9 and 206.7 for 13C Questions: 1. 2. The phenol group of methyl salicylate is a weak acid‚ therefore it reacts very swiftly with a strong base‚ in this case NaOH‚ to form a sodium
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Materials list Test tubes‚ Water‚ small beacon‚ Pipette‚ Stand‚ Mortar‚ green leaves‚ Filter paper‚ capillary tube‚ funnel‚ silicon dioxide‚ calcium carbonate‚ acetone‚ solvent. Method 1) To extract pigments from green Leaves - Weigh 5g green Leaves‚ cut into pieces‚ and put in mortar. - Add silicon dioxide + calcium carbonate + 5ml acetone and grind (Try not to inhale fumes) - Pour the
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