who are inadvertently injecting into the skin instead of the veins. Isolated cases have happened from spore inhalation in laboratory workers and some Botox users. When the Botulism toxin is absorbed into the blood‚ it blocks the release of acetylcholine at nerve synapses. Therefore the symptoms of Botulism mainly involve problems with nerve function. In most cases‚ the cranial nerves of the brain are affected first. These nerves control functions such as eye movement‚ facial expressions‚ chewing
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receptor. Ligand interactions occur with various discrete forms of the receptor as originally proposed in 1958 by Katz and Thesleff‚ e.g.‚ open‚ resting‚ and desensitized states that are in equilibrium (Lena and Changeux‚ 1993). In addition to the acetylcholine (ACh) binding site‚ the nAChR‚ like other LGICs‚ e.g.‚ GABAA(benzodiazepine‚ neurosteroid‚ and barbiturate) andN-methyl-D-aspartate (glycine and polyamine)‚ has binding sites for other types of ligand that can modify the equilibrium between the
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by the neurons. Neurotransmitters are how cells “talk” to one another. Neurotransmitters play a huge role in the regulation of emotions and moods along with many other things. Some common neurotransmitters are serotonin‚ dopamine‚ noradrenalin‚ acetylcholine‚ and norepinephrine. The neurotransmitters actions vary greatly depending on what structure. Low serotonin production is associated with depression. Low dopamine causes problems with cognition memory. Nonadrenalin is associated with flight or
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Bipolar II disorder affects 5.7 million Americans over the age of 18. (Mary C. Townsend‚ 2015. pg.499) There is a stigma associated with this disorder but‚ what many don’t know is when properly diagnosed and treated‚ one can lead a fairly uninterrupted life. Bipolar II is often misdiagnosed as “major depression”. It is characterised by periodic runs of major depression with occasional manifestation of hypomania. Hypomania is the primary symptom that differentiates the diagnosis. In the following
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Communication‚ Homeostasis & Energy Communication & Homeostasis Outline the need for communication systems within multicellular organisms‚ with reference to the need to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and to co-ordinate the activities of different organs. Organisms need to respond to external stimuli‚ e.g. temperature‚ oxygen concentration and levels of sunlight. These may be over time‚ e.g. winter fur to summer fur‚ or quickly‚ e.g. changing size of pupils. Internal
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NAME LAB TIME/DATE _ Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Cells and Their Packaging into Muscles 1. Use the items in the key to correctly identify the structures described below. g; perimysium c; fascicle Key: a. b. c. endomysium epimysium fascicle fiber myofibril myofilament perimysium sarcolemma sarcomere sarcoplasm tendon 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. connective tissue ensheathing a bundle of muscle cells bundle of muscle cells contractile unit of muscle
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Alzheimer’s Disease Most people imagine growing old and playing with their grandchildren. People hope to live a long life so they can share their experiences with the younger generation. They would feel warm thinking about the good old days and sharing the memories with their loved ones. Unfortunately‚ some people don’t get the opportunity to share their memories because of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory‚ thinking and behavior. Alzheimer’s
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Week Two Quiz – Biological Basis of Behavior Instructions: Each question is worth 2 points. Type your answers in the space adjacent to each question. Submit as an attachment in your assignment link. 1. The brain’s ability to adapt to new environmental conditions is called: Neural plasticity 2. Severe damage to the hippocampus will result in what effect on a person’s memory? People with severe damage to this area can still remember names‚ faces‚ and events that they recorded in memory
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The plague‚ which is caused by Yersinia pestis‚ a gram-negative rod-shaped‚ non-motile‚ non-sporulating bacterium has a great historical significance. Plague is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans by rodents (e.g.‚ rats‚ mice‚ ground squirrels). Fleas that live on the rodents can transmit the bacteria to humans‚ who then suffer from the bubonic form of plague. The bubonic form may progress to the septicemic and pneumonic forms. Pneumonic plague would be the predominant form having potential
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AP Psychology Name Chp 2: Neuroscience Questions for Brave New Brain‚ Chapter 4 by Nancy C. Andreasen Read this packet carefully & completely. The reading is very long‚ complex & detailed. Consider it a primer reading to help you study the brain. As you read feel free to highlight or underline the actual text as needed. These study questions are to help you key in on what is important. Be sure to answer each question fully and completely. I expect you to TYPE the answers. You
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