Abstract By adding HCl to 2-methyl-2-butanol‚ through the Sn1 mechanism‚ 2-chloro-2-methylbutane is formed. Water‚ sodium bicarbonate and NaCl(aq) were then added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane to remove any of the excess water from the reaction. To confirm‚ a successful reaction‚ AgNO3 was added to the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. A white precipitate formation confirmed a successful Sn1 reaction. Introduction Nucleophilic substitution reactions such as Sn1 and Sn2 allow us to convert one functional
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Absorbance of Light vs. Concentration of Colored Solution Introduction: Performing this lab showed the importance of light in virtual drug screening because light can be used in a variety of ways to obtain different kinds of information in research. Light can be used to determine the concentration of DNA or protein in solution‚ tag different objects such as cells‚ protein structures‚ or bacteria in order to determine whether there is a large amount of a certain substance‚ and to determine the size
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Data-based questions Study the photos below and answer the following questions. Photo A Photo B Photo C (a) What are industries shown in photos A‚ B and C respectively? (3 marks) (b) Draw a diagram to illustrate the manufacturing system of the industry shown in photo A. (4 marks) (c) Describe and explain the characteristics of these three industries. (i) Photo A (3 marks) (ii) Photo B (3 marks) (iii) Photo C (in tradition) (3 marks) (d) How do personal factors affect
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Nanotechnology exists in the realm where many scientific disciplines meet. Achievements in physics are getting progressively smaller – from valves to electronics‚ down to microelectronics and quantum computing. It mirrors the downsizing in focus in the biological sciences‚ from cells to genomics. Conversely‚ achievements in chemistry have been converging into the nanometre range from below – from atoms and molecules to supramolecular chemistry. Nanochemisty focuses on the unique properties of materials in the
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Reactions of some Hydrocarbons Equipment Required: -4 Test tubes -Dropper - Cyclohexane (C6H12) (3ml) - Cyclohexene (C6H10) (3ml) - Toluene (CH3C6H5) (3ml) - Potassium Permanganate solution (KMnO4) .01 mol L-1 (4ml) - Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 2mol L-1 (2ml) - Bromine Water (Br2) (5ml) Procedure: Reaction of hydrocarbons with acidified permanganate: 1) Into three separate‚ labeled test tubes place 1 ml of cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene and toluene respectively. 2) In a separate test
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Separation of a Mixture of Solids PURPOSE: The purpose of this lab is to familiarize ourselves with the techniques associated with separating a mixture of different solids. We will learn how the unique properties of substances can aid in this process and help us distinguish each pure substance from one another. DATA OBSERVATIONS CALCULATIONS CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION QUESTIONS A. How did your proposed Procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual Procedures
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Calculations 1. Rounding Examples *0.1356 (4 significant figures) -> Round answer to 2 significant figures *0.1356 -> 0.14 *314.705 (6 significant figures) -> Round number to 4 significant figures. *314.705 -> 314.7 *0.0035771 (5 significant figures) -> Round to 3 significant figures. *0.0035771 -> 0.00358 *500‚000 (1 significant figure) -> Write this number to have 3 significant figures. *500‚000 - 5.00 x 10^5 *39.501 -> Round to 2 significant figures. *39‚501
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of the Upper Nepean Catchment. The following is a summary of factors that affect water quality. Water may contain several ions‚ namely anions and cations which are toxic to humans. Hardness is the scum on water surface from significant concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions. Total dissolved solids is the measure of dissolved solids that are ionic in water. Turbidity is the presence of suspended solids in water which reduces penetration of light‚ resulting in a decrease concentration of
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CHE 242 Tutorial 3: Problems & Answers Week 4: Feb 2- 6‚ 2009 1. Consider a gas that occupies 1.00 dm3 at a pressure of 2.00 bar. If the gas is compressed isothermally at constant external pressure‚ Pext‚ so that the final volume is 0.500 dm3‚ what is the smallest value Pext can have? Calculate the work involved using this value of Pext. Solution For compression to occur‚ the value of Pext must be at least as large as the final pressure of the gas. P1 = 2.00 bar‚ V1 = 1.00 dm3‚ V2 = 0.500
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~Fulfilling ethical values and islamic virtues~ * Ethics known as moral philosophy‚define ethics as "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures. * Virtue is moral excellence. A virtue is a positive trait or quality deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective and individual greatness. This has been mention
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