lab‚ caproic acid was synthesized in a multi-step process that involved the synthesis of three intermediates – diethyl n-butylmalonate‚ potassium n-butylmalonate‚ and n-butyl malonic acid respectively. An IR was used to characterize the starting material‚ n-bromobutane‚ and the first intermediate‚ diethyl n-butylmalonate; while IR and NMR were used to characterize the final product‚ caproic acid. Reactions‚ Mechanism and Theory Caproic acid a.k.a n-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid derived from
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9.1 Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid is Manufactured in Industry 1. Sulphuric acid‚ H2SO4 is manufactured in industry through Contact Process. 2. The raw materials used are sulphur‚ air and water 3. The Contact process consists of three stages. Stage 1: The production of sulphur dioxide This can be obtained by two methods: 1. Burning of sulphur in dry air in the furnace S + O SO2 2. Burning of metal sulphide such as zinc sulphide or iron(III) sulphide in dry air. 2ZnS
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The Salem Witch Trials began in Salem‚ Massachusetts; the massacres could have been caused‚ historians believe‚ by many reasons such as the seclusion of the village‚ sickness‚ and overall boredom. The trials have many mysteries surrounding them. Historians still cannot come up with one specific cause that caused the ordeal to happen in the first place. They do have‚ however‚ the basics of it with some of the mysteries thrown in. Many accounts of the Salem Witch Trials all have something in common
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Acid-Base Calculations The Ion-Product Constant for Water‚ Kw Water undergoes ionization to a small extent: H20(l) H+(aq) + OH–(aq) The equilibrium constant for the reaction is the ion-product constant for water Kw: (1) This is a key equation in acid-base chemistry. Note that the product of [H+] and [OH–] is a constant at a given temperature (Eq(1) value is for 25oC). Thus as the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution increases‚ the hydroxide ion concentration decreases
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Minerals-to-Metals Research Initiative‚ Department of Chemical Engineering‚ University of Cape Town‚ Private Bag‚ Rondebosch‚ 7701‚ South Africa a r t i c l e i n f o Available online 17 June 2010 Keywords: Acid mine drainage Prediction test Sulfide tailings a b s t r a c t Acid mine drainage (AMD) is formed by the microbially catalysed oxidation of sulfide minerals on exposure to moisture and air. It results in the ongoing contamination of water streams with acidity‚ sulfate and metal
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Witch craze in Europe during: the period of the Protestant Reformation‚ Catholic Counter-Reformation‚ the Scientific Revolution‚ and the consolidation of national governments from about 1480-1700 For more than two hundred years‚ individuals were persecuted as witches throughout the continent of Europe‚ even though the witch hunt was concentrated on Southwestern Germany‚ Switzerland‚ England‚ Scotland‚ Poland‚ and parts of France. In a collective frenzy. witches were sought‚ identified‚ arrested
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at the time when the Second World War had just ended but still there was a clash of capitalists and communists. What would you do if the witch hunts happened in this modern era? Arthur Miller wrote this book because of the incidents that occurred during the 1950’s. Senator Joseph McCarthy had a suspicion of communism in the United States. So he started a witch hunt to find the communists in the United States and he targeted celebrities of Hollywood such as Lucille Ball‚ Helen Keller‚ Langston Hughes
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Jarrett Sears Dr. Hummel Chem 121 2/7/13 A Chemical Reaction between Tin and Nitric Acid Introduction: Finding the products made from the components of tin metal and nitric acid is the ultimate objective of this lab; the formula of the products will be found in the CRC handbook thereafter. Procedure: First‚ obtain a clean crucible‚ and heat it under a Bunsen burner until it is as hot as possible‚ about 15 minutes within a fume hood unit. The Bunsen burner will be used under the fume
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Titration for Acetic Acid in Vinegar Purpose: The Primary Purpose of this Experiment is to Determine the Percent Content of Acetic Acid in a Household Bottle of President’s Choice Vinegar‚ using Titration Techniques. In addition‚ a Secondary Purpose for this Experiment that Derives Directly from the Primary Purpose is to Gain Hands On Experience in Titration Techniques‚ as a Vital Tool in our Quest to Understanding the Chemical Aspect of the World around Us. Procedure Conducting a Titration
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Civilization‚ sexism is still prevalent. I. Introduction A. Background A. Today’s view of witches B. The view of witches before the 17th century B. Thesis: the prevalence and effects of the witch hunts II. Body A. The German Trails 1. Catholic Beliefs 2. Outcome and ending B. The Salem Witch Trails 1. Protestant Beliefs 2. Outcome and ending III. Conclusion A. Women turning on women during med evil times B. women turning on women today What are witches? What kinds of
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