According to Schub and Cabrrea (2015)‚ Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an infection of the lung parenchyma that develops outside the hospital or healthcare facility or developed in the hospital within 48 hours after admission. After 48 hours‚ it is considered Hospital Acquired Pneumonia. CAP is the eight most common cause of death in the United States. Annually‚ it usually affects adults but the incidence of CAP is 1: 20 in older adults over than 85 years old. Potential complications that could
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Hospital Acquired Pneumonia October 7‚ 2010 Hospital Acquired Pneumonia Hospital acquired pneumonia is currently the second most common nosocomial infection in the United States and is associated with high mortality and morbidity (Seymann‚ 2008). This paper is a case study of a 52 year old female who was in the hospital for a scheduled gastric bypass surgery. During a post-op test she aspirated dye thus beginning the process of her developing nosocomial pneumonia. The patient was
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themselves from pathogens. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against these pathogens. Pattern associated molecular factors (PAMPs) are viral factors including proteins‚ lipids‚ and viral nucleic acids that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) within the cell. During viral infection‚ PAMPs accumulate in different cellular components and once recognized by the PRRs activate the intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in the innate immune response. These pathways
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The aim of this essay is to ascertain what hospital acquired infection entails‚ the detrimental effects it causes and to highlight the active role nurses can take in the prevention of this type of infection. Hospital acquired (or nosocomial) infection is: ’one that originated in the hospital environment; i.e. was not present or incubating on admission and which appeared 48h or more after admission ’ (Azzam et al. 2001). Infection is caused by pathogenic organisms which invade the hosts immunological
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome‚ or AIDS‚ is a recently recognized disease. It is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‚ which attacks selected cells in the IMMUNE SYSTEM and produces defects in function. These defects may not be apparent for years. They lead‚ however‚ to a severe suppression of the immune system ’s ability to resist harmful organisms. This leaves the body open to invasion by various infections‚ which are therefore called opportunistic diseases‚ and
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Slaves were acquired in a few different ways. Sometimes the capturers would simply hide out and wait for a passer-by. Some traded for goods‚ as mentioned above‚ and other Africans who would receive pay captured some. However acquired‚ their fate would depend on physical and mental toughness. In order to survive what lay ahead these two qualities were essential for survival. Many Africans believed they were going to be eaten by the Europeans. This was a rumor that traveled among the captive slaves
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to protect the body. The Innate system‚ is the initial immune response from childhood which functions in the same way whether or not the individual has already encountered the same pathogen. Whereas‚ the Adaptive system matures with a person as it adapts to the first encounter with the pathogen
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In your own words detail the ‘for’ and ‘against’ arguments with regard to innate and learned behaviour. The ‘Nature’ versus ‘Nurture’ debate is a topic that has been discussed by Psychologists‚ Scientists and Philosophers for hundreds of years. It concerns individuals ‘innate’ qualities versus that of ‘learned’ behaviour and experiences. Nativists believe that many aspects of behaviour are present at birth. They argue that we inherit some of the qualities that decide which type of person we will
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Locke goes about attacking innate ideas by raising the ideas of children‚ existence and identity and God. Locke figures children only gain knowledge from what they experience. They do not and therefore cannot discuss ideas they have never been introduced to in the first place‚ supporting
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John Locke’s main argument against innate ideas is that if there are innate ideas‚ they should be shared by anyone or everyone. He states that everything you may know you have learned through the experience of learning. Innate ideas is knowledge you acquired without any learning or experience. He says that no one can say something that he/she knows without the experience of learning it. Therefore there is no evidence that innate ideas exist. Locke claims that we are born with a "blank slate" meaning
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