Despite the different forms of relativism in the end they are all constitute to the construction of the meaning‚ thus the social constructions and symbolic interactions are all significant when examining the problems existing with relativism. Relativism as a whole incorporates many strengths and weaknesses. However‚ for many the problems of relativism within the study of deviance underpin the strengths. Miller and Holstein (2007) The central problem deriving from relativism is that deviance and crimes
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Mill’s Utilitarianism brings an extended concept of Bentham’s philosophy and a response to Kant’s deontological philosophy. The basic concept of utilitarianism is to act in such a way as to create the most pleasure or the least pain. This is the guideline because‚ as Mill states‚ we desire happiness; happiness is maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. However‚ is utilitarianism viable? There are many arguments for it‚ but just as many against. First‚ utilitarianism allows for the good
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Absolutism and Relativism Definitions: Absolutism - is the theory that morality is absolute rather than relative; that is‚ that there are absolute moral truths to which we must adhere and which particular situations‚ people‚ or places do not affect (Jacques P. Thiroux‚ 2012). Relativism - those who hold this point of view believe that there are no absolutes in morality‚ but rather that morality is relative to particular cultures‚ groups‚ or even individuals‚ and further that everyone must decide
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Ethical Perspective Ethical perspectives and styles vary among individuals. All types of ethical decisions‚ personal and business‚ are based on individual ethical perspectives and styles. The four prominent categories of ethical philosophy consist of character/virtue‚ obligation/deontology‚ results/utilitarianism‚ and equity/relativism. These ethical perspectives‚ when assessed correctly‚ can provide insight into general views and approaches used in making personal and business decisions. Character
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studies‚ there is a balance. There is a balance‚ especially‚ in the continuum of the relationship between the concepts of cultural relativism and ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is defined as “a point of view that one’s own way of life is to be preferred above all others” (Rosado). This is an interesting viewpoint on life‚ contrasted by the definition of cultural relativism‚ which is the view that “values that are established by a culture are relative to the cultural ambiance out of which they arise”
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Cultural Relativism and Global Values The Median That Works Universal values and human rights are abstractions that are considered by many as little more than a romantic concept. Those who would like to believe in a set of universal values find that they either can not find enough evidence for‚ or that there is too much evidence against such values. Cultural relativism‚ a relatively new idea in political science that has its origins in anthropology‚ is the major evidence and argument against
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pleasure‚ while for utilitarianism philosophers the ultimate goal in life is to find happiness. Both‚ which seem reasonable goals to live by each day. But what does hedonism and utilitarianism mean‚ what is happiness‚ would either approve of Nozick’s Experience Machine in order to achieve happieness or pleasure? In this paper‚ I will explain how utilitarianism and hedonism works‚ what are their philosophies and will argue if either one would approve
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Killing one to save five others is supported by act utilitarianism as it allows for more happiness. The happiness of five people outweighs‚ and creates more happiness‚ than the happiness of only one; as opposed to those same five dying‚ thus making them unable to promote/create happiness. If maximizing utility is the goal‚ there is no doubt that condemning one to save five is permissible under utilitarian principles. The loop variant of the case follows exactly as the original case of the trolley
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alone is almost certainly insufficient for determining the morality of international action due to the immense complications behind some of the situations‚ it serves as a useful guide that utilitarianism simply fails to provide. One example of deontology being a better calculus for action than utilitarianism was in WWII at the Battle of Dunkirk. At the Battle of Dunkirk thousands of British troops were stranded in France and needed to be transported back to Great Britain where they could continue
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known as Act Utilitarianism. His version of Utilitarianism is referred to as ’Act’ Utilitarianism because it states that the principle of utility should be applied to every act performed in each unique situation. Any act is justifiable if it produces ’the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number’. By the principle of utility Bentham meant the ’usefulness’ of a situation. The principle states that we should aim to achieve ’the greatest happiness for the greatest number’. Act Utilitarianism
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