(rDNA) sequences of chromosomes. Plant cells also have a cytoskeleton‚ an internal protein scaffold that supports the cell. The cytoskeleton is composed of microtubules and microfilaments. Microfilaments are solid rods made of globular proteins called actin. Microtubules are straight‚ hollow cylinders are found throughout the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and carry out a variety of functions‚ ranging from transport to structural support. This type of eukaryotic cell also contains a strong cell wall
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which give the striped appearance in the muscle cells. B. How are muscle cells different from a “typical” cell in the body? Muscle cells are different from other cells‚ because they contain more protein than other cells‚ specifically actin and myosin proteins. C. What is the sarcolemma? It is the plasma membrane in muscles. Exercise 2: Organization of Skeletal Muscle Cells into Muscles Observations Sketch the skeletal muscle cross section. Identify
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Cells Cell Theory- Cells are the smallest units of life All organisms are made of one or more cells All cells come from pre-existing cells Cells are organized Organelles- compartments that perform different functions in the cell Cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic Eukaryotes (Animals‚ plants‚ and fungi) Contain: Nucleus Membrane bound organelles Prokaryotes Nucleoid- region that contains DNA Flagellum Characteristics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria (similar to Prokaryotic Cells)
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From a young age we are taught to eat a balanced diet full of nutrients which in the body are broken down into individual ions and molecules. Of these ions and molecules‚ the most important are Calcium (Ca+2)‚ Sodium (Na+)‚ Potassium (K+) and ATP which are primarily derived in from what we eat but also the body synthesizes on its own. Ions play an important role due to their relative electrical charge. These important ions help regulate homeostasis in our bodies‚ as well as allowing us to move‚ absorb
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Frog Skeletal Muscle The aim of this experiment is to explore the basic physiological principles of skeletal muscle using the isolated frog (Rana pipiens or Xenopus laevis) gastrocnemius muscle. Students will dissect a double-pithed frog. Then‚ they will connect the muscle to the Force Transducer to measure twitch recruitment‚ effect of stretch‚ muscle summation‚ muscle tetanus‚ and muscle fatigue. Written by staff of ADInstruments. Experiment Contents 1. Instructor’s Reference (this
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Sea urchins are members of the phylum Echinodermata‚ which also includes sea stars‚ sea cucumbers‚ brittle stars‚ and crinoids. Like other echinoderms‚ they have five-fold symmetry (called pentamerism) and move by means of hundreds of tiny‚ transparent‚ adhesive "tube feet". The symmetry is not obvious in the living animal‚ but is easily visible in the dried test. Echinodermate means "spiny skin" in Greek. Specifically‚ the term "sea urchin" refers to the "regular echinoids"‚ which are symmetrical
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reticulum (SR) 4. Terminal cisternae of SR 5. Transverse tubules (T-tubules) 6. Mitochondria 7. Myofibrils 8. Cytosol (Sarcoplasm) 9. Sarcomere a. Z lines b. M line c. A bands d. I bands e. H zone 10. Myofilaments a. Actin i. Troponin ii. Tropomyosin b. Myosin C. Neuromuscular Junction - See IP-CD: Muscular System: Neuromuscular Junction section 1. Motor neuron (axon terminal) 2. Motor end plate of a myofiber (sarcolemma‚ nuclei & mitochondria) 3
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increases‚ its strength of contraction also increases until the muscle reaches maximal force generated. 12. The way the skeletal muscles attached to skeletal system makes them slightly stretched. By changing the length‚ the arrangement of myosin & actin is less optimal causing less favorable binding of Ca++ 14. Due to wave summation‚ the muscle will contract more rapidly. 15. Producing a steady increase in muscle force by increasing the # of active motor units 16. After prolonged activity‚ there’s
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ARTICLE IN PRESS Biomaterials 24 (2003) 4273–4281 Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) promoted production of extracellular matrix of articular cartilage chondrocytes in vitro Ying Denga‚ Xing-Sun Linb‚ Zhong Zhenga‚ Jin-Guang Denga‚ Jin-Chun Chena‚ Hui Mab‚ Guo-Qiang Chena‚* a Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology‚ Tsinghua University‚ Beijing 100084‚ China b Department of Physics‚ Tsinghua University‚ Beijing 100084‚ China Received 25 November 2002; accepted 13 May
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Jamie Dukes Dr. Early English 104 April 13‚ 2009 Should Parents Physically Discipline Their Children? Should parents physically discipline their child for doing something wrong? I say yes! I think physically discipline one’s child will correct behavior problems‚ improve grades‚ and help them to become well mannered; but I am going to let the Bible’s point of view answer this question. The history of the Bible says‚ “Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child‚ but the rod of correction
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