muscle produces the opposite movement from the other muscle‚ therefore‚ the pairs are called antagonistic pairs. Muscles which cause a joint to extend are called extensors‚ muscles which cause a limb to retract are called flexors. A Synovial Joint 2 5.7.2 - Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the sliding filament theory (including the role of actin‚ myosin‚ troponin‚ tropomyosin‚ Ca2+‚ ATP). Muscles are made from muscle fibres arranged into bundles. Each fibre is made from
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Shelby Giles June 22‚ 2015 The Tired Swimmer 1. She is experiencing constant fatigue‚ blurred vision‚ eye strain‚ gasping for air‚ hand and finger aches. 2. Blurred vision and eyes strain could have to do with the optic nerve‚ headache‚ soreness and fatigue. 3. In the spinal cord there are nerves that are in charge of these involuntary functions. There is also the medullary rhythmicity centers in the medulla oblongata that adjusts the rate of breathing. These could be possibilities that Annies
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difference known as the (1) ___________ _____________ _____________ exists across the plasma membrane. Leakage channels‚ also called passive channels‚ allow the movement of potassium (and sodium) across the membrane. Due to the electrochemical gradient‚ (2) ___________________ (ion) diffuses out of the cell. Because of this and because proteins that are large‚ non-diffusible anions are more abundant in the cell than outside it‚ the fluid on the inside adjacent to the plasma membrane is – (3) negatively
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synapse with a muscle fiber. The neuron releases acetylcholine and transfers the action potential to the muscle tissue. The signal will travel through the tissue and trigger the contraction of individual sarcomeres. One synapse generally controls an entire muscle fiber. One motor neuron usually controls several adjacent muscle fibers. A group of fibers under the control of a single motor neuron is known as a motor unit. 2. What is the pathway of energy transfer during muscle movement? The contraction
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Date at the top of the page. 1. What are the three types of muscle tissue and the main differences between them. 2. Explain the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. 3. Define the resting membrane potential and its electrochemical basis. 4. List the different types of channels and indicate what causes each one to open. 5. In relation to an Action Potential – define the terms threshold‚ hyperpolarization‚ depolarization‚ repolarization and all-or-none-phenomenon. 6. Draw
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Understanding Words * acetabul-: vinegar cup * adip-: fat * aer-: air * alb-: white * an-: without * ana-: up * anul-: ring * Apo-: away from * Append-: “to hang something”; * arth-: joint * Astr-: starlike * aud-: to hear * Ax-: axle * ax-: axis * Bi-: two * Bio-: life * blast: bud * burs-: bag‚ purse * calat-: something inserted * canal-: channel * Cardi-: referring to the heart * carp-: wrist
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Ependymomas * Meningiomas * Acoustic neuromas * In infants where neuron are still dividing * Neuroblastoma * Retinoblastoma Nerve cells (neurons) * Excitable cells (they can generate action and local potential) * Transmit impulses (action potential) along their membrane * Physiologic properties * Excitability (Irritability) * Conductivity Functional Anatomy 1. Dendrites – projections from cell bodies;
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energy Diversity of animals…more than 1 million species on earth Unifying themes that apply to all physiological processes Physiological Processes Chemical & Physical Laws Rooted in the laws of physics & chemistry Nerve conduction‚ action potentials & ionic currents Gas exchange Animal locomotion and blood flow Muscle contraction and limb movement Anabolic and catabolic metabolism What is Animal Physiology? (continued) Animal Physiology includes behavior‚ ecology‚ anatomy
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neurons. Neurons communicate just like people do‚ but they send messages using action potentials (electricity passing through their axons). Each neuron picks up signals at its dendrites‚ passes the signals down the axon‚ into the axon terminals‚ and into the synapses. The synapse then drops neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft between the first neuron’s synapse and the next neuron’s dendrites. That signals neuron #2 to pass the message on. 2.2.b What is the basic structure and function of
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Exercise 2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Activity 3: The Effect of Stimulus Frequency on Skeletal Muscle Contraction Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 25% by answering 1 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. During a single twitch of a skeletal muscle Your answer : a. calcium is not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Correct answer: b. maximal force is never achieved. 2. When a skeletal muscle is repetitively stimulated‚ twitches can overlap each other and result in a stronger muscle
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