cleft is the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron. The arrival of an action potential normally causes the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron. The action potential travels down to the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron. Each axon terminal becomes swollen forming a presynaptic knob. There is a depolarisation of the presynaptic membrane resulting from the action potential. This depolarisation causes an increase in the permeability to sodium and calcium ions
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interact with the sodium ions inside the myelinated internodes and subsequently with the sodium ions in the next node of Ranvier‚ vastly speeding up the process of propagating the action potential5. This process can be modeled by a partial differential equation obtained from the Cable theorem and describes the potential across the myelin layer‚ found in Equation 1
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brain III. Nerve Impulse Conduction A. Resting Potential 1. positive charge outside a. high sodium ion concentration 1) sodium pump 2. negative charge inside a. phosphate & sulfate ions b. negatively charged proteins c. high potassium concentration 1) potassium pump 3. potential difference = -70 mV B. Potential changes 1. –70 mV to 0 = depolarization 2. higher than –70 mV = hyperpolarizing C. Action Potential occurs when Threshold Potential achieved 1. causes
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REVIEW SHEET EXERCISE 6 Cardiovascular Physiology NAME: LAB TIME/DATE: 1. Define each of the following terms: • autorhymicity- The heart is autorhythmic. This means it generates its own rhythmic action potential independent of the nervous system. • sinoatrial node- is the impulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart‚ and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm. • pacemaker cells- are specialized cells that cause involuntary muscles and tissues to
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Syllabus. Eliciting a Nerve Impulse Activity 1: Electrical Stimulation 1. Do you see any kind of response on the oscilloscope screen? Just a flat line. 2. What was the threshold voltage‚ or the voltage at which you first saw an action potential? 3.0 V 3. How does this tracing compare to the one that was generated at the threshold voltage? Very similar except that it’s peak is a little higher while it drops a little more as well. 4. What reason can you give for the change
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to let an organism gain information about what is going on inside/outside body and how to respond to it. Three functions of the nervous system: • receive information; input • integrate information with past experiences; processing • Guide actions; output. Brain can adjust the impact of incoming information (can’t tickle oneself) Brain cells communicate by chemicals signals released by other cells. Made of separate cells Neurons: cells that are specialized to quickly respond to signals
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Affirmative action ultimately fails in its attempt to address the social imbalance caused by past discrimination because it only treats the symptoms rather than the cause. Do you agree? A growing number of equality programs‚ also known as affirmative action‚ which include quotas‚ minority scholarships and job opportunities based on diversity‚ have been proposed by governments throughout the world‚ as measures to diminish the inherited discrimination towards different groups of our society. But what
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Affirmative Action in Education “Affirmative action is an effort to develop a systematic approach to open the doors of education‚ employment and business development opportunities to qualified individuals who happen to be members of groups that have experienced long-standing and per” -Bill Clinton It is a stated fact that without Affirmative Action‚ a large number of America’s premier colleges and universities would be mostly occupied by White males and Asian American students‚ who tend
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SECTION A: Short questions 1. Is affirmative action morally defensible? Explain Yes it is morally defensible in that: The tough realities faced in the past created divisions of the past regime between black and white communities and declaration of this policy assisted in ensuring that closing that gap and normalise the conditions at the workplace. In the past South Africa has had many inequalities and imbalances‚ and blacks were treated in a unfair manner and stigmatized. In 1994 Democracy
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event an electrical signal is propagated through the length of the axon of a motor nerve. This electrical signal‚ also propagated through ion channels‚ causes the opening of calcium ion channels. These calcium ion channels ‚ guided by the membrane potential‚allow calcium ions to diffuse into the axon terminal of the motor neuron. As more calcium ions travel into the axon of the motor neuron‚ synaptic vesicles begin to form around acetylcholine and leave the axon of the motor neuron‚ entering the synaptic
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