CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE Cells are the smallest functional units of the body‚ (Waugh‚ A. and Grant‚ A.2010). Most cells are microscopic. The largest cell in the body is the female ovum. The erythrocyte is the smallest cell. The longest cell is the neuron. Cells group together to form tissues‚ each of which has specialised function. Different tissues group together to form organs. Organs are group together to form organ systems‚ each of which performs a particular function that
Premium Cell Neuron Cell membrane
Structure: The spinal cord is a white‚ soft and cord (rope) like material running through the backbone. The internal structure of the spinal cord is much simpler and more uniform throughout its many parts than that of the brain. No matter where it is sectioned‚ it gives the same general appearance. The interior of the spinal cord looks grey because it is filled with neurons without having myelin sheath in their axons. There are thirty-one pairs of peripheral spinal nerves connected to the spinal
Premium Nervous system Brain Neuron
Lab Analysis Questions 1. What are the important ions for most neurons when considering changes in membrane potential? (3 points) 2. What is the resting membrane potential? (3 points) 3. What does it mean that the voltage just inside the membrane is negative? (4 points) Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses Activity 2: Receptor Potential (20 points total) Notes: • After reading the Overview and Introduction‚ Click on Experiment. • Follow the directions on the left side of the
Premium Action potential Neuron
Pharmacology: Most often used to treat mild to moderate hypertension. Mode of action: Reserpine inhibits the ATP/MG2+ pump responsible for packaging neurotransmitters into vesicles in the presynaptic neuron. This causes the free neurotransmitters to be degraded by MAO‚ leading to a reduction in catecholamines. 2. Increased neurotransmitter release into the synapse. Drug: Black Widow Venom Pharmacology: Neurotoxin. Mode of action: Alpha-latrotoxin (a-LTX) is the three-dimensional protein toxin unique
Premium Neuron Neurotransmitter Dopamine
Lecture in General Psychology The Science of Psychology Psychology is derived from the Greek words psyche and logos‚ meaning soul and study. To the Greek‚ Psychology is simply a study of the soul. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the behavior of living organisms‚ with special attention to human behavior. It is chiefly concerned with what makes people behave as they do. Psychologists are interested in topics such as learning‚ emotion‚ intelligence‚ heredity and environment
Premium Psychology Nervous system Neuron
and convert them to nerve impulses • Alternating graded and all-or-none signals on the membrane of a single neuron • Graded potentials decay with distance (electrotonic conduction); longdistance transmission depend on transforming signals to APs • Typically‚ alternating electric (within neuron) and chemical signals (between neurons) • Postsynaptic potential affected by number and frequency of APs Passive spread of electric signal Sub-threshold current flowing along the membrane decays
Premium Action potential
activated. Neurotransmitters are either antagonist or agonist. Antagonist is a chemical that blocks a cells response to an action. While the agonist is a chemical that mimics (taken from the textbook) the effects of the original neurotransmitter. All these actions take place between the brain and the nerves and happen faster than the speed of lightning. At the end of the action your arm will go up‚ your hand will open and you can now catch the ball. This is how I understood the
Premium Neuron Nervous system Axon
Effects of Decerebration on Toad In Accordance to its Responses to Different Stimuli1 September _ 2013 ABSTRACT The brain is the most important part of an organism’s body. It is the one that receives all information from different stimuli and controls the movement of body parts. But for sudden stimuli that needs a quick response‚ spinal cord reflexes happened. The effect of decerebration on a toad (Bufo marinus) will cause its inability to move‚ but it still responded
Premium Nerve Action potential Neuromuscular junction
Central Nervous System: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls bodily functions. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain in humans. The cerebrum is the last place that information travels through in the brain. The spinal cord is the part of the body that communicates between the brain and the nerves that connect to the spinal cord. The spinal cord is commonly known as a pathway from the brain to the body. Peripheral Nervous System: The peripheral
Premium Nervous system Brain Neuron
on behavior. There are 2 neurons afferent neurons these carry messages to the central nervous system. Efferent neurons carry messages from the central nervous system. Neurons communicate through voltage changes. This can sometimes lead to quick action reaction sequence of voltage alterations. An example would be when you touch something hot and you pull your hand away immediately. One cell changes its voltage and the next cell detects this‚ and it does the same thing‚ and this continues on to each
Premium Neuron Nervous system Action potential