Linear acceleration Smell Taste Touch – Pressure Warmth Cold Pain Joint Movement and Position Muscle Length Muscle Tension All sensory information arrives at the central nervous system (CNS) in the form of action potentials and the stronger the stimulus‚ the higher the frequency of action potentials. For example‚ touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ temperature and taste sensations arrive at the primary sensory cortex. The CNS interprets the nature of the sensory information entirely on the basis of the area of the
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ions vesticular membrane neurotransmitter e) vesicles f) closes g) action potential h) presynaptic membrane i) neurotransmitter is taken up 11. The Thymus plays a key role in training and development of T-Cells/T-Lymphocytes. 12. A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body. 13. Annies antigens will attack the antibodies‚ she will feel no muscle movement or action potential. The
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the order as follows. First‚ there exists an action pulse. Once this pulse reaches the end of the cell (the terminals)‚ a neurotransmitter‚ with the information that was being carried diffuses across the narrow space‚ binding itself to the receptors found in unique membranes of the receiving cell. The neurotransmitter‚ as a mediator‚ opens the channels of a number of ion species. This then leads to a resulting difference in the transmembrane potential. At this point‚ there exists two possible scenarios
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myelin sheath of CNS d. Schwann Cells-form myelin sheath of PNS 4. White matter vs. Gray matter 5. Myelin and its function 6. Nodes of Ranvier 7. Ganglion-clump of nerve cell bodies in the nerve tract NERVE IMPULSE 1. Self-Propagating 2. Action Potential a. Potassium (K+) primarily inside the cell and Sodium (Na+) primarily outside the cell WHILE AT REST b. Stimulus applied to nerve c. Na+ rushes into the cell very quickly resulting in a sudden positive charge inside the cell d. K+ channels
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References: PQ) Hänig‚ D.P.‚ 1901 PR) Collings‚ V.B.‚ 1974 Buck‚ Linda and Richard Axel. (1991). A Novel Multigene Family May Encode Odorant Receptors: A Molecular Basis for Odor Recognition. Cell 65:175-183. http:/ / action. painfoundation. org/ site/ News2?page=NewsArticle& id=5135& security=1& news_iv_ctrl=1061 Esther Wednesday‚ October 19‚ 2005 http:/ / www
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TITLE Habituation of snail. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of habituation of snails to a stimulus To develope certain experiment skills‚ such as working safely‚ producing valid results‚ recording results and drawing valid conclusions from results. INTRODUCTION The snails Figure 1: Garden snail Taken from http://abugblog.blogspot.com/2011/05/handsome-snail.html Snails are one of the earliest known types of animals
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unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior‚ and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders 16. Unconscious - part of the mind unreachable by the conscious 17. Freudian slips – error in speech‚ memory or physical action that occurs due to an unconscious interference (drive‚
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terminal after an action potential has reached the synapse. The neurotransmitter then crosses the synaptic gap to reach the receptor of the other cell. The process repeats itself‚ which then causes a. Neurotransmitters play a very important role in every day life and functioning. There are two types of neurotransmitters – excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Excitatory Neurotransmitters make the post- synaptic neuron more likely to generate an action potential‚ whilst the inhibitory
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muscle fibers reach their thresholds and contract. Thus‚ the change in tension is due to the number of contracting muscle fibers. Stimuli below the minimum strength required to trigger any of the muscle fibers to reach threshold and go through an action potential (i.e.‚ subthreshold stimuli) will not cause any contraction in the muscle. In conclusion‚ when stimulus strength is increased above a certain level (maximal) no further increase in tension occurs‚ as all muscle fibers in the muscle are contracting
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in the electrochemical gradient resulting in the neurone moving away from its resting potential. This is known as an action potential. Once initiated the action potential travels the length of the axon reaching the pre-synaptic terminal where the synaptic cleft separates the following neurone. At the terminal neurotransmitters are stored ready to be released‚ across the synaptic gap‚ when the action potential arrives. The receptors on the post-synaptic neurone become occupied with the neurotransmitters
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