neurotransmitters‚ a chemical substance that “carries‚ boosts and modulates signals between neurons and other cells in the body.” (Cherry) Neurotransmitters connect with the receptor sites in a neighboring nerve cell and triggers an action potential. During an action potential‚ the membrane opens up to exchange negative ions for positive ones. Once the charge hits +40‚ the impulse is sent on its merry way down the nerve. These synapses are studied intently as they have provided insight into the causation
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ions from one neurone to another (direct influence of electric current from one to another) E.g. gap junction Gap junction: directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells allows various molecules and ions to pass freely between cells‚ allow action potentials to spread. They are modulated by pH‚ neurotransmitters and [Ca2+]. CHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMISSION Neurotransmitter substance released from presynaptic cell‚ diffuses across synaptic cleft‚ produces effect on postsynaptic neurone e.g. central
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What is psychology? The scientific study of behaviour and the physiological and mental processes that underlie such behaviour. A profession that applies the findings of psychological research to real world problems Wilhelm Wundt First psychology lab in 1879 Main focus was on consciousness Many students established research labs in North America and Germany. G. Stanley Hall Student of Wundt for a brief time Growth of psychology in North America Structuralism Edward TitchenerTo identify
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bound to a postsynaptic receptor. Nevertheless‚ short-term exposure of the receptor to a neurotransmitter is typically sufficient for causing a postsynaptic response by way of synaptic transmission. In response to a threshold action potential or graded electrical potential‚ a neurotransmitter is released at the presynaptic terminal. Low level "baseline" release also occurs without electrical stimulation. The released neurotransmitter may then move across the synapse to be detected by and bind with
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| | |Look at Figure 6.1‚ the cardiac action potential. The period of time between the |Absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle | |beginning of the cardiac action potential and the approximate middle of phase 3 is | | |the __________________ refractory
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Understanding Words * acetabul-: vinegar cup * adip-: fat * aer-: air * alb-: white * an-: without * ana-: up * anul-: ring * Apo-: away from * Append-: “to hang something”; * arth-: joint * Astr-: starlike * aud-: to hear * Ax-: axle * ax-: axis * Bi-: two * Bio-: life * blast: bud * burs-: bag‚ purse * calat-: something inserted * canal-: channel * Cardi-: referring to the heart * carp-: wrist
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Points The movement of elements in the environment relative to the observer is called A.optic flow B.phi movement C.tau movement D.motion ecology Answer Key: A 1.0/ 1.0 Points Mirror neurons A.help an individual understand another person’s actions and react appropriately B.help the person imitate observed behaviors C.have been discovered in the premotor cortex D.all of the above Answer Key: D 1.0/ 1.0 Points The perceptual grouping of lights in biological
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acetylcholine. | |Actin |A protein found in muscle cells. It is the main component of the thin filaments. | |Action potential |A brief reversal of the resting potential across the cell surface membrane of a neurone. All action | |
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neurones‚ o conduction of the action potential o synaptic transmission o the principal effects of stimulation of the: sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system • Explain and give examples of the following types of drug action: o Receptors (agonists‚ antagonists and partial agonists) o Enzyme inhibition o Membrane transport systems • Apply your knowledge to explain action and side effects of β blockers and β2 agonists. The Action potential • Transmission is due to movement
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outside. Resting potential: once the neuron is no longer active‚ unstimulated‚ polarized it is known to be resting potential. Action potential: At this stage‚ once a stimulus gets to a resting neuron‚ the stimulus causes sodium
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