In the United States federal courts‚ class actions are governed by Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 23 and 28 U.S.C.A. § 1332 (d). Class action lawsuits may be brought in federal court if the claim arises under federal law‚ or if the claim falls under 28 USCA § 1332 (d). Under § 1332 (d) (2) the federal district courts have original jurisdiction over any civil action where the amount in controversy exceeds $5‚000‚000 and either 1. any member of a class of plaintiffs is a citizen of a State
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Damon Stevenson ENG 101 Spangler 02 May 2013 Affirmative Action Imagine for a second that its 2013 in the United States of America and you’ve been stripped of your current identity. Picture that in this day of age we still lived in a time where discrimination and inequality was a society norm and that you were thrust into a world that played on your vulnerabilities and crushed your dreams. For a moment we’d have to consider that people’s civil rights are being violated and that the poor
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“A Civil Action” by Jonathan Harr What is the difference between a criminal and a civil case? Criminal cases require that a verdict be made without a “shadow of doubt‚” but in civil cases that is not the case. Professor Nesson in “A Civil Action” states that civil cases only need around 51 percent to determine liability. This book was a very interesting read because it takes us through the different parts of a civil trial and how the case even got started. It is especially important to consider
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Affirmative action is a failure. Enforced by executive order 11246 affirmative action was intended as a temporary measure to level the playing field within education and the workplace for African Americans. After forty-eight years of biased and preferential treatment it is time for affirmative action‚ as we know it‚ to end. Affirmative action is outdated and in modern times only serves to create systemic problems within educational institutions‚ while causing long-lasting harm to individuals. Affirmative
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coordinate to exercise their common goal. However‚ this is generally not the case‚ as Mancur Olson‚ the author of The Logic of Collective Action‚ argues. Olson (2004: 2) states that "it is not in fact true that the idea that groups will act in their self-interest follows logically from the premise of rational and self-interested behavior." Collective action groups‚ without some sort of coercion or special device to make individual participants act in the interest of the group‚ will not succeed
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Affirmative Action in South Africa does more harm than good. * Page * Discussion * History Affirmative Action was introduced to counter the effects of apartheid. However‚ the first democratic elections took place 14 years ago and yet affirmative action policies have strengthened. The policies‚ although implemented for an admirable purpose‚ have done the economy and moral of the country’s citizens more harm than good. All the Yes points 1. -------------------------------------------------
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at times but‚ the way you deal with your procrastination patterns will determine what effects procrastination has on your life. One of the most obvious effects of procrastination is the failure to reap the rewards that would come from taking action. If a student chooses to procrastinate rather than complete school work on time‚ there can be many terrible effects. Of course‚ his or her grades could suffer if that particular school or teacher penalizes for late work. Severe procrastination can
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Topic: Whether or not schools should have the right to discipline students who bully others off of school property. Thesis: Disciplinary actions are enforced in school for purposes that ensure the students’ safety and maintain balance for all school compliances. Schools do not have the right to discipline the student that bullies another student‚ if the event occurs off the school property. Those that work in the school system‚ are the mentors to the student for knowledge and future success‚
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Date Submitted: 5pm 5 April 2013 Berra‚ T. M. (2008). Charles Darwin’s Paradigm Shift. The Beagle‚ Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory‚ 24‚ 1-6. The author has described the paradigm shift of human origin ideas from creationism to evolution. Berra outlines a human’s role in nature using Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection; the diversity of
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Affirmative action ultimately fails in its attempt to address the social imbalance caused by past discrimination because it only treats the symptoms rather than the cause. Do you agree? A growing number of equality programs‚ also known as affirmative action‚ which include quotas‚ minority scholarships and job opportunities based on diversity‚ have been proposed by governments throughout the world‚ as measures to diminish the inherited discrimination towards different groups of our society. But what
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