PROCESS COSTING DR. ALOK DIXIT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT LUCKNOW COSTING SYSTEMS USED TO DETERMINE PRODUCT COSTS Costing Systems Process Costing Job-order Costing Mass production of identical or similar products (at process-level). For example‚ Sugar‚ food‚ chemical industry. Many units of a single‚ homogeneous product flow evenly through continuous production process(s). One unit of product is indistinguishable (at process-level) from any other unit of product. Each unit
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London-UK 15th May 2014 CONTENTS 1. NESTLE HISTORICAL 5 2. PEPSICO HISTORICAL 5 3. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 6 4. FINANCIAL RATIOS 9 4.1 Profitability 9 4.2 Liquidity 12 4.3 Efficiency 13 4.4 Gearing Ratios 15 4.5 Investment 17 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 20 POST REPORT REFLECTION 22 REFERENCES 23 APPENDIX 24 01. NESTLE 24 02. PEPSICO 29 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Financial Highlights PepsiCo 2013 9 Figure 2 - Nestlé’s Share Price and Volume Graph - 2009 to 2013
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The television show Lost‚ on ABC‚ is quite similar to Lord of the Flies. Lost is about a group of people who are shipwrecked on a mysterious island. They are adults‚ but their interactions are a lot like the children’s in the book. There are many fights and conflicts between the characters on Lost. There is a leader and someone else who believes he should be the leader‚ like Ralph and Jack. In fact‚ one character even hunts pigs! There is even a monster on the island on Lost and it scares the characters
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Komatsu‚ Ltd. (A) Target Costing System Komatsu • • • • • • • Founded 1917 Takeuchi Mining Co.‚Komatsu Ironworks 1921 Komatsu‚ Ltd. 1991- International Firm Revenue Y989 bn NI Y31bn Construction Equipment‚ Industrial Machinery- Core Business. Electronics applied products – New Business : 80% • Rest from construction‚ unit housing‚ cheimcals‚ plastics and SW Development • 1989: “3G” : Growth‚ Globalisation and Group Diversification • 1995 : Exp Y 1.4 Tn; Worldwide production by 2000; Develop
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I. Identify and classify different types of cost incurred in Foxwood Company with an appropriate cost classification There are many concepts of cost in an organization. Costs also are used in different business applications‚ such as financial accounting‚ cost accounting‚ budgeting‚ capital budgeting‚ and valuation. Consequently‚ there are different ways of categorizing costs according to their relationship to output as well as according to the context in which they are used. Following this summary
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CHAPTER 12 Cost Sheet (or) Statement of Cost ELEMENTS OF COST Introduction Elements of cost are necessary to have a proper classification and analysis of total cost. Thus‚ elements of cost provide the management with necessary information for proper control and management decisions. For this purpose‚ the total cost is analysed by the elements or nature of cost‚ i.e.‚ material‚ labour and overheads. The various elements of costs may be illustrated as below: Elements of Cost ~ t
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Introduction Mr. Carl Robins‚ who is a new campus recruiter for ABC‚ Inc.‚ fell short on planning and execution of the new employee orientation. His lack of planning and execution could imply that either Carl is not fully qualified‚ or ABC‚ Inc. does not have a very solid mentoring program. Being a new employee of only six months‚ Carl’s supervisor/manager should have been monitoring Carl’s planning of the new employee’s orientation and offer assistance if needed. Background In early April‚
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Follow Twitter @Faran_Karem ---->https://twitter.com/Faran_Karem PEPSICO AND THE ENVIRONMENT “Performance with Purpose”. That is American multinational corporation PepsiCo’s commitment statement. With operations in 200+ countries‚ PepsiCo has been dubbed the second largest food and beverage brand in the world. Focusing on environmental sustainability and reducing its carbon footprint‚ PepsiCo is said to be a proactive industry leader in decreasing their global impact‚ while being profitable
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PROCESS COSTING-SINGLE DEPARTMENT INTRODUCTION In process costing system‚ a large number of homogenous products passed through several production departments where each department is responsible for one or more operations that bring a product one step closer to completion. In each department‚ materials‚ labor and overhead inputs may be needed and upon completion of a particular process‚ the partially completed goods are transferred to another process. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF JOB ORDER
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Two general approaches are used for costing products for the purpose of valuing inventories and cost of goods sold. One approach is called absorption costing. Absorption costing is generally used for external financial reports. The other approach called variable costing is preferred by some companies for internal decision making and must be used when an income statement is prepared in the contribution format. Ordinarily absorption costing and variable costing produce different figures for net income
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