Diabetes‚ Renal: National Kidney Federation: www.dh.gov.uk www.kidney.org.uk Abbreviation Key: ACEI ARB BHS CKD ESA LoSalt NSAID PCR PTH RAS RRT SLE Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Angiotensin Receptor Blocker British Hypertension Society Chronic Kidney Disease Erythropoietin Stimulating Agent (Potassium containing salt substitute) Non Steroidal Anti inflammatory Drug Protein:Creatinine Ratio (best lab test for proteinuria) Parathyroid hormone Renal Artery Stenosis Renal Replacement
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Abstract Glomerulosclerosis or nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease that can lead to future total kidney failure. One of precursors is glomerulonephritis‚ this inflammation of the glomeruli has many possible causes. People with either type of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus are at higher risk. A clinical indicator of early glomerulosclerosis is a change in renal function and is measured by the amount of albumin present in the urine. Microalbuminuria‚ or urinary albumin levels are
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referred to as a disease characterized by hemolytic anemia‚ caused by the destruction of red blood cells‚ acute kidney failure (uremia)‚ and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). Although‚ it mostly affects children‚ there have been cases of adults with this illness. The destroyed red blood cells block the filtering system in the kidneys‚ which can lead to a life-threatening kidney failure. HUS usually develops in children after five to 10 days of diarrhea‚ often bloody and caused by infection
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Breast cancer will met to the bone and brain lung and liver Risk factors: menarche b4 12 menopause after 55 obesity high fat diet family hist 1st degree relative birth of 1st child after 30 birth control pills and hrt ( Dr should be notified cause can make breast dense and harder to image) S/S: lumps in breast increased vascularity breast pain or soreness nipple retraction or ulceration Screening: breast self exam 7-10 days after menses
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* Side Effects: hepatotoxicity‚ skin rash * Nursing Implications: keep urine slightly alkaline to prevent urine acid stones from forming; IV dose should be given as a single infusion. (kidney stones‚ kidney failure‚ gouty arthritis) Colchicine: used during an acute attack * Side Effects: nausea‚ vomiting‚ diarrhea‚ dizziness‚ alopecia headaches‚ frequent urination * Nursing Implications: Monitor effectiveness of therapy‚ both as to pain control and monitoring uric acid levels
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The term "lower urinary tract symptoms‚" or LUTS‚ is nonspecific. It has been used as a general term to refer to any combination of urinary symptoms or as a more specific term to refer to those symptoms primarily associated with overactive bladder (frequency‚ urgency‚ and nocturia). An international consensus conference identified LUTS to include symptoms relating to storage and/or voiding disturbances common among aging men [1]. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in men increases with
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Plasma conc. of Digoxin increased by Amiodarone 2. DIGOXIN A cardiac glycoside – used in AF‚ tachycardias and heart failure. A positive inotrope – increases the force of myocardial contraction and reduces conductivity within the AV node. Desired serum concentration: 1-2mcg/L (1.5mcg-3mcg/L indicates toxicity) Monitoring: Serum electrolytes (especially potassium) and Renal function. A narrow therapeutic index‚ Possibility of Digitalis toxicity‚ made worse by hypokalaemia. Managed by giving potassium
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they decided to transfer the patient in this institution. III. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Modifiable Factors - Lifestyle - Diet - Alcohol - Smoking - Chronic NSAID use - Hypertension Non Modifiable Factors - Hereditary - Age - Sex Renal tissue loses function Renal function adaptation Kidneys lose ability to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis Decrease in Glomelular Filtration Rate Decrease ability to concentrate urine Decrease ability to excrete toxins Further decrease of GFR
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venous fistula (AVF) in place of HD catheters are associated with patients’ decreased mortality rate among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD). Improving overall health of ESRD patients is largely dependent on individual patients themselves‚ but as nurses it is our responsibility to promote and educate patients to take charge of their own life. In the acute setting‚ the large populations of dialysis patients are unaware of the risk when treatments are missed. Educating patients
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J.L. SOAP NOTE Subjective J.L. is a 63-year-old white female who presented to the ER with right lower extremity pain and swelling with subsequent changes to the skin‚ including formation of bullous ulcers. She had blistering over the past four days that started to enlarge. The doctor prescribed her Bactrim. Erythema‚ swelling‚ and pain progressively got worse. She denies any fever or chills. PMH: COPD‚ Hypertension‚ Diabetes mellitus‚ Osteoporosis‚ Fibromyalgia‚ Osteoarthritis‚ Morbid obesity
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