Aldehyde and Ketone 1. ALDEHYDE Definition: An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group‚ with the structure R-CHO‚ consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group‚ which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The group without R is called the aldehyde group or formyl group. Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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of the modern lahoratory manuals are found short of an experiment on the Michael addition. (3). We describe‚ herein‚ a two-step laboratory experiment involving the Michael addition of aniline as one of the steps. The first step involves the acylation of aniline with maleic anhydride to give maleanilic acid 1. I n the second step maleanilic acid undergoes the Michael addition of aniline and cyclization to yield I-phenyl-3-pl~enylaminopyrrolidine-2‚5dione 2 (Method A). Compound 2 can also he
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Introduction: Over the past three decades we have witnessed a tremendous amount of activity in the area of biosensors. Biosensors are small devices employing biochemical molecular recognition properties as the basis for a selective analysis. The major processes involved in any biosensor system are analyte recognition‚ signal transduction‚ and readout. Due to their specificity‚ speed‚ portability‚ and low cost‚ biosensors offer exciting opportunities for numerous decentralized clinical applications
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Chromatography • • • Separation based on polarity of compounds Two potential phases for a compound to exist in: mobile and stationary Partitioning of compounds between mobile phase and stationary phase occurs: o Compounds that are less polar move more in the mobile phase‚ those that are more polar “stick” more on the stationary phase o These polarity differences cause compounds move at different rates and therefore can be separated 1. Mobile Phase: the phase the moves; can be gas or
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2.3.2 Counter Ion “Most bacterial cell walls are charged with a negative charge‚ so most antibacterial polymers must be charged with a positive charge to facilitate the adsorption process. The composition of the counter ion‚ or polymer-linked ions‚ is used to balance the charge‚ it also affects the antibacterial activity. The counter ion has positive charge‚ which is a strong ion-pair with the polymer will inhibit the antibacterial activity because it will prevent the polymer from interacting with
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History of Sangiovese Sangiovese is one of the most significant and popular red grape varieties in Italy throughout its ancient and fascinating history as it shares its origins with the land of Dionysus. Because it is named after the “blood of Jove”(the Roman Jupiter)‚ many people believe that this kind of grape dates back to the time of the Romans. The first document mentioned coming in the writings of Giovanvettorio Soderini in 1590‚ when he mentioned the good wine producing potential of a grape
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Chemistry GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Atomic Structure and elementary quantum mechanics: Blackbody radiation‚ Planck’s radiation law‚ photoelectric effect‚ Compton Effect‚ de Broglie’s hypothesis‚ Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum mechanics‚ Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box‚ energy levels‚ wave functions and probability densities‚ Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom‚ Separation of variables‚ Radial and angular functions‚ hydrogen like wave functions‚ quantum numbers
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Unit operations and unit processes http://www.mine-engineer.com/ • At the end of this unit you should be able to: a. List the various reasons for undertaking size reduction and enlargement in the chemical industry b. Describe the operation principles of some size reduction equipment and size enlargement equipment c. Explain how industrial materials can be separated on the basis of their magnetic‚ electrostatic‚ hydrophobic and volatility differences respectively d. Discuss various organic unit
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Asymmetric Catalysis in Intramolecular Reactions of α-Diazoketones. Abstract: Carbon-hydrogen insertion reactions involve the insertion of a carbene‚ a neutral carbon atom or molecule with two unpaired valence electrons‚ into an unactivated carbon-hydrogen bond. This reaction produces many commercially valuable compounds. The reaction itself involves the use of diazocarbonyl compounds which contain an N2 ligand on a carbon alpha to a carbonyl. The reaction is thermodynamically favourable as it involves
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