western economics. Mercantilism held a strong belief in the power of large reserves of precious metals‚ primarily gold and silver‚ and encouraged states to maintain large reserves through high tariffs on imported goods. In 1776‚ Scottish philosopher Adam Smith refuted the theory of mercantilism in a criticism entitled An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations‚ known today as simply as The Wealth of Nations. In The Wealth of Nations‚ Smith aimed to introduce an alternative to mercantilism
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BRAND IMAGE AND BRAND LOYALTY Muhammad Shafiq Gul[1]*‚ Dr Farzand Ali Jan** Dr Qadar Baksh Baloch Muhammad Faheem Jan*** & Muhammad Farooq Jan**** Abstract This study was conducted to determine the level of brand loyalty and image‚ to examine interactive role of those factors that determines brand image and loyalty‚ to determine level of brand loyalty and image of Toyota car users and to suggest measures for developing brand loyalty in district Peshawar. The data was collected through
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STRATEGIC BRAND MANAGEMENT INDIVIDUAL PROJECT : CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 BRAND ANALYSIS 4 1.1. Brand and/or organizational values 4 1.1.1. The umbrella brand 5 2.1. Brand/company heritage 6 3.1. Brand and/or company strengths and weaknesses 7 3.1.1. Strengths 7 3.1.2. Weaknesses 8 4.1. Analysis of competition 8 REFERENCES 10 INTRODUCTION Throughout this paper‚ we will try to introduce you more closely to the brand of NIVEA‚ its core brand values‚ way of operating
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strong brand offers many advantages for marketers including: Brands provide multiple sensory stimuli to enhance customer recognition. For example‚ a brand can be visually recognizable from its packaging‚ logo‚ shape‚ etc. It can also be recognizable via sound‚ such as hearing the name on a radio advertisement or talking with someone who mentions the product. Customers who are frequent and enthusiastic purchasers of a particular brand are likely to become Brand Loyal. Cultivating brand loyalty
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Case Study adidas The brand adidas has been selling sports apparel for 90 years and has been the official sponsor of the World Cup since 1970. It has more than 38‚000 employees throughout the world. Currently‚ one of its most outstanding products is the F-50 soccer shoe. It’s the world’s lightest‚ weighing 165g‚ and is worn by the most important players in the World Cup. A special version was made exclusively for the Argentinian player Lionel Messi‚ who was selected as the FIFA World Player
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Hanoi University Faculty of International Studies ___________ ADAM SMITH – The father of modern economics Course: World history Instructors : Loic Diels Teaching assistance: Ta Thi Huong Ly Group 19: Nguyen Cam Anh
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Brand extension & brand stretching The two options for doing this are usually called “brand extension” and “brand stretching”. Brand extension Brand extension is a strategy in which a firm launches a new or modified product with a well-developed image by using the established brand name in a same broad market. Organizations use this strategy to increase and leverage brand equity (definition: the net worth and long-term sustainability just from the renowned name). An example of a brand extension is Jello-gelatin
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Brand Extensions Brand extension is a marketing strategy according to which a company marketing a product or a service launches a new offering (product or service) that is related to the one of the existing brands of the company‚ but offers different benefits and/or targets a different segment. Organizations use this strategy to increase and leverage upon their brand equity. When a firm is introducing a new product‚ it has the following 3 choices on branding: 1. Developing a new brand for the
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Designing a Brand Hierarchy We all know the recession has drastically impacted consumer behaviors‚ but we may often overlook its direct impact on brands themselves. The recession has changed the way marketers manage their brand portfolios as they try to do more with less. As such‚ marketers are taking a closer look at how then can stretch existing brand equity across a greater number of products‚ often taking a parent brand/sub-brand approach. We generally see four different sub-brand approaches
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BRAND CANNIBALIZATION: EAT OR BE EATEN With increasing commoditization of brands‚ differentiation is hard to come in every industry. Consumers are now flooded with options‚ single company having several brands in same product category. Positioning‚ targeting‚ segmenting can serve as strategies no more. Rather it is the basic hygiene which any company needs to follow if it needs to sustain in the race for market share. So‚ what should a marketer adopt as a strategy? There are unconventional
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