Adaptive Radiation An example of adaptive radiation occurring after a mass extinction is the extinction that killed off the dinosaurs. What caused this mass extinction was when a massive comet hit earth‚ off the Yucatan Peninsula. However‚ the mammals that survived this catastrophic event for the most part‚ survived because they could burrow in holes for shelter. Regardless‚ about 90% of all life on earth was destroyed. This led to an opportunity for the surviving plants and animals to disperse
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called leukocytosis and a decrease in WBC’s is called leucopenia. Lymphocytes although they can develop in bone morrow can also mature in lymph nodes. One type can even mature to become plasma cells. Lymph nodes and plasma cells are involved I our immune systems. White blood cells can leave the blood to enter into other body tissues. When monocytes do this they are referred to as macrophages in those tissues. The precise production of RBC’s is termed erythropoiesis. Erythropoiesis starts in the red
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Faculty of Medicine MAHSA UNIVERSITY STUDY GUIDE Block: Genetics‚ Immunology & Molecular Medicine (GIM) Session: 2013/2014 Semester 1 (Year 1) MBBS PROGRAM Block Coordinator: Dr Selvi Palasubramaniam CONTENTS 1. Teaching Staff & Contacts 2 2. Academic calendars MBBS Session 2013 / 2014 3 3
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Key Terms & Concepts Anatomy and Physiology 1H06‚ W2012 You should be able to describe and/or demonstrate an understanding of the following: *this is not an exhaustive list… Cardiovascular Anatomy • Heart: Location (Mediastinum)‚ Base vs Apex‚ Major Landmarks (SVC‚ IVC‚ Pulm. Trunk‚ Aorta) • Relational Anatomy: Structures Above‚ Below‚ Anterior & Posterior to Heart • Surface Features: Anterior & Posterior (Atria‚ Ventricles‚ Great Vessels‚ Sulci) • Sulci:
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disease). Numerous studies have shown that people with higher social support have an increased likelihood for survival. Individuals with lower levels of social support have: more cardiovascular disease‚ more inflammation and less effective immune system functioning‚ more complications during pregnancy‚ and more functional disability and pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis‚ among many other findings. Conversely‚ higher rates of social
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as a defense mechanism against the immune system.[2] Compared to a normal antigen-induced T-cell response where .001-.0001% of the body’s T-cells are activated‚ these SAgs are capable of activating up to 83% of the body’s T-cells.[citation needed] Furthermore‚ Anti-CD3 and Anti-CD28 Antibodies (CD28-SuperMAB) have also shown to be highly potent superantigens (and can activate up to 100% of T cells). The large number of activated T-cells generates a massive immune response which is not specific to
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BIOS 255 WEEK 5 Lab 5 - Lymphatic System & Disease Resistance 1. Describe lymphatic system functions. The primary functions of the lymphatic system are to drain and return interstitial fluid to the blood to absorb and return lipids from the digestive system to the blood‚ and to filter fluid of pathogens‚ damaged cells‚ cellular‚ and cancerous cells to help protect against invasion. 2. Locate each of the following lymphatic vessels: right lymphatic duct‚ thoracic (left
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foreign particles form tissue fluid to lymph nodes. The function of lymph nodes includes: filter lymph‚ immune surveillance Classify each item as a feature of innate defenses or adaptive defenses: Adaptive Defenses- T and B lymphocytes‚ Antibodies produced‚ Antigen-presenting cells‚ Response to antigen Innate Defenses- Barriers‚ Natural Killer Cells Involved‚ Mononuclear Phagocytic system‚ Fever‚ Interferons Chemical Barriers: Antimicrobial substances that put holes in pathogen membranes: Defensins
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However‚ C. trachomatis is capable of evading the host innate and adaptive immune response using many different mechanisms while resides in the genital epithelial cell [42–46]. Studies using a prospective cohort of women in high risk for chlamydia infection show that efficient immune response that correlate with protection against infection or reduced risk for reinfection‚ consist of the production of IFN-γ by peripheral-blood
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Does wheat cause gut inflammation? By Liji Thomas‚ MD Inflammation is a pathway triggered by the exposure of the innate immune system to injury‚ infections or noxious stimuli. Sustained exposure or abnormal continuous activation of the immune cells to such stimuli can lead to chronic inflammation. Such a condition is characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory serum markers including the interleukins‚ acute phase proteins and interferons. The reasons for such prolonged inflammatory responses
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