internal organ‚ about the size of a fist‚ found in the human abdomen. The spleen functions as part of the immune system and contributes to the production and storage of blood cells as part of the circulatory system. Although the spleen is an important organ‚ it is not vital for human survival. Function of the Spleen The majority of the spleen’s functions are related to the immune system or the blood supply. The spleen removes old red blood cells‚ called erythrocytes‚ from the blood supply and
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sexual stage in which it is able to reproduce‚ and in intermediate hosts it experiences an asexual stage. In both hosts Toxoplasma gondii enters the cell‚ forms vacuoles‚ and protects itself from the immune system. If the immune system is weak then it can cause disease‚ but if the immune system is uncompromised then the vacuoles form cysts in the muscles and brain of the infected organism. There are four methods in which one might come in contact with the Toxoplasma infection; foodborne‚ animal-to-human
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(Institute.Org‚ n.d.) Since 1981‚ the (HIV) epidemic has continued to expand in the United States; In the Summer of 1982 the HIV virus was officially names AIDS‚ also being called other names as “gay-related immune deficiency” (GRID). The names changed when the Doctors realized the heterosexuals could also be affected. (Institute.Org‚ n.d.) In 1983‚ scientists discovered the virus that causes AIDS. The virus was at first named HTLV-III/LAV (human T-cell lymphotropic
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disease attacks the immune system which is not strong enough to fight this deadly disease. The AIDS disease has a number of symptoms and conditions that come with it. HIV causes the disease AIDS. HIV means human immunodeficiency virus. A virus is a very small organism that gets into a person’s body and makes a disease. The virus HIV also only affects humans. If someone has been infected with AIDS they are called HIV positive or seropositive. HIV weakens a persons immune system and causes the disease
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Autoimmune disorder case study Autoimmune diseases: An autoimmune disease is any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues or normal cells by mistake; the body fails to tell the difference between self and non-self. There are several dozen kinds of autoimmune diseases‚ risk factors depend somewhat on the particular illness. In general‚ researchers have found strong links
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binds to only their specific antigen. Antigens are defined as anything that makes the immune system respond by producing antibodies. They are often viruses‚ bacteria‚ or fungi‚ but can sometimes be dust‚ chemicals‚ pollen‚ or food proteins that cause allergic reactions. (Antigens that cause allergic reactions are called allergens). An epitope is the part of the antigen to which the antibody binds. Once the immune system has created and antibody for an antigen whose attack it has survived‚ it continues
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pathogens. It can also act by sabotaging the immune system by invading macrophages and preventing the formation of secondary particles. The disease is spread through the air from one person to another through coughing‚ sneezing‚ etc. It commonly is a pulmonary disease‚ attacking the lungs‚ but can also spread to a variety of other places such as the kidney or brain. It can remain latent for extended periods of time‚ surfacing when the immune system is compromised for a variety of reasons.
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1. Explain what clonal selection theory is and its role in humoral or antibody-mediated immunity. Clonal selection theory is a rationalization for the growth of lymphocyte specificity and diversity during immune development. This theory demonstrates how immunological memory can deliver a fast reaction when coming into contact with an antigen that has been seen for the second time. Specifically‚ the clonal selection theory is based on the concept that premature‚ undifferentiated lymphocytes in the
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you have AIDS. Having AIDS usually means that you are HIV positive. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) basically breaks down your immune system until it can’t function properly anymore. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) never really kills anyone; instead it is a disease like pneumonia or something like that‚ that the body cannot fight because its immune system is very weak. The first reported case of AIDS in the United States was in 1981. Nearly 900‚000 American citizens have the HIV virus
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infants and elderly people. This is due to infants immune systems not being fully developed and the elderly’s being weakened. Undeveloped or weak immune systems can’t contain the spread of the bacteria as well as a healthy one. A healthy immune response to tuberculosis would involve the body creating a wall around the bacteria. Then the body encases the surrounded bacteria in scar tissue to prevent the spread of the disease. These sac-like immune defense structures the body forms are known as tubercles
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