autoimmune inflammatory disease (1) characterized by a breakdown of B and T cells tolerance to self-antigens (2). Defective clearance of apoptotic cells could promote the release of autoantigens which in turn trigger autoimmune responses(3‚ 4). Generated immune dysfunctions lead to the production of abundant of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines(5‚ 6). SLE can affect various organs of the body‚ on people of both sexes‚ all ages and all ethnic groups(7). Despite of the progression in the current knowledge
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foreign substances‚ which may be organic‚ inorganic or biological agents and they enhances/ provokes/ elicits the immune response against that when they are enters the body pareneterally. Immunogen is a molecule that stimulate the immune response in the system When a foreign bodies or substances enter the system or body‚ it mediates immediate or delayed type of immune response. Various level of defense will be taken place to devoid the antigen. Humoral and cell mediated immunity
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an enduring disease that can lead to a bad response of the immune system against the central nervous system. It can influence the brain and the nerves of the eyes. All this process appears when the immune system attacks the myelin around the nerves filaments. Therefore‚ the brain cannot send signs to the body‚ and thus the nerves cannot help the body to move regularly. Multiple Sclerosis is unique and different from other diseases due to its causes‚ symptoms‚ and treatment
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Every year‚ hundreds to thousands of children die from a preventable disease when their parents refuse to administer a vaccine‚ which is defined as “a product that produces immunity from a disease and can be administered through needle injections‚ by mouth‚ or by aerosol‚” by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services‚ (vaccines.gov). A copious amount of parents fear for the safety of their children’s lives when deciding whether or not to vaccinate‚ despite colossal amounts of extensive research
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A Prion is a normal protein that is found on the membranes of cells. The normal Prion protein (PrPC) consist mainly alpha helix rich 30-35kDa glycoprotein with 209 amino acid sequence and one disulfide bond (1). The disease causing form of normal prion protein named after scrapie (PrPSc) occurs when properly folded normal prion protein change its conformation. Although the exact tertiary structure of PrPSc still remains elusive but the previous studies have shown that the secondary structure of
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Diesease | Prevalence | Causes | Symptoms | Treatment | ALOPECIA AREATA | early childhood‚ late teenage or young adulthood | Current evidence suggests that alopecia areata is caused by an abnormality in the immune system. This particular abnormality leads to autoimmunity‚ a misguided immune system that tends to attack its own body. | Other findings that may be helpful are the appearance of short hairs that presumably represent fractured hairs‚ yellow areas of skin deposition at the follicular orifice
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What is AIDS? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (slowly-replicating retrovirus) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‚ a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive (1). A virus is a piece of genetic material‚ RNA or DNA‚ surrounded by a protein coat. To replicate‚ a virus must infect a cell and direct its cellular machinery to produce new viruses. A virus cannot
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Module 7: Human Systems Review Sheet 7.01: Nervous and Endocrine Systems 1. What are the 4 lobes of the brain? Know where they are located if given a picture of the brain. - Temporal Lobe The temporal lobe is located on the side of each hemisphere‚ behind the ears. It is associated with speech‚ hearing‚ and memory skills. It houses the hippocampus (the area of the brain associated with memory) and contains the auditory centers responsible for hearing. Occipital Lobe The occipital
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killer of dialysis patients. This can lead to the heart disease worsening which is the biggest killer of dialysis patients. Organ and Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients: These patients receive immuno-suppressant drugs to reduce the chance of the immune system rejecting the transplant. This makes them more vulnerable to disease. It is also estimated that 1% of all organ transplanted in the US carry disease. What can be done to prevent antibiotic resistance? Everyone from doctors to patients to the government
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or are capable of traveling distances on air currents.[1] Often‚ airborne pathogens or allergens cause inflammation in the nose‚ throat‚ sinuses and the lungs. This is caused by the inhalation of these pathogens that affect a person’s respiratory system or even the rest of the body. Sinus congestion‚ coughing and sore throats are examples of inflammation of the upper respiratory air way due to these airborne agents. Air pollution plays a significant role in airborne diseases which is linked toasthma
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