Small states means Better Administration – Better Government – Participation of common man in the administration Creation of small state is one of the answers to Reduce corruption or At least corruption amount. Know – Why we should support the creation of small states? Reality Views by sm - In India‚ when congress declared that a new state Telangana will be created from AP. Everyone in India started to discuss about the creation of small state‚ is creation of small state is good for India ? or
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Essay by Bereketeab Yacob Yohannes Budget and budgetary control has being dealt with in different ways in literature‚ but basically there has being critics on traditional budgetary control as new issues raised with current more unpredictable global internationalized world markets. Virtually conventional budgeting has roughly some categories of criticism‚ one being that budgets by the time they are used their assumption are out-dated especially in rapidly changing environments‚ the second recurrent
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IILUSTRATIONS - BUDGETES IILUSTRATION 1: PYE Ltd produces and markets a very popular product called P. The company is interested in presenting its budget for the second quarter of the year. The following information is made available for this purpose. 1. Its expects to sell 50‚000 bags of during the second quarter at a selling price of Rs 9 per kg 2. Each bag of P Requires 2.5 kgs of raw material Q and 7.5 kgs of raw material R. 3. Q costs Rs 1.20 per kg‚ R costs 20 paisa per kg
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CHAPTER I 1.1 INTRODUCTION Budget and budgetary control practices are undeniably indispensable as organizations routinely go about their business activities and operations. These organizations are constantly on the alert on how actual levels of performance agree with planned or budgeted performance. A budget expresses a plan in monetary terms. It is prepared and approved prior to a particular budgeted period and explicitly may show the income‚ expenditure and the capital to be employed by organizations
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QUESTION 1 – Budgeting Process and Budgetary Control I have been asked to advise two entirely different businesses about the benefits and problems associated with what is termed the “traditional approach to budgeting and budgetary control”. One of the businesses operates in a very stable and static market place‚ where there is little change in either products or demand year on year‚ whereas the other business operates in a very dynamic‚ rapidly changing‚ innovative environment. If my findings
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(objectives) * How it intends to get there (its strategies) * What resources will be required (its operating plans) * How well it is doing in comparisons to the plan (control). (Source: ACCA Study Text-Performance Management)\ The budget is a short-term operating plan‚ linked to the corporate plan that is used for detailed control. A budgeting process forces business to look to the future. If a business does not look to the future it will fail in the short‚ medium or long term. It will fail because
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT Management Reporting Budgetary Control NO 213 BUDGETARY CONTROL AND VARIANCE ANALYSIS £ £££ ££££££ 1 333 35753 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT ONE OF A SERIES OF GUIDES FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT FROM www.FinancialManagementDevelopment.com This is one of a series of documents produced by David A Palmer as a guide for managers on specific financial topics to assist informed discussion. Readers should take appropriate advice before acting
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“A budgetary planning and control system may include many individual budgets which are integrated into a ‘master budget’.” Budgeting is concerned with the implementation of long term strategic plans‚ by translating these long term plans into short term plans of action. A budget is a plan showing a firms short term objectives‚ and how management intends to acquire‚ use‚ and control the resources in order to attain these objectives. A firms budget should be comprehensive and co-ordinated. That
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Budgetary slack Budgetary slack refers to the deliberate adjustment of additional cash outlays in expectation of future cash flow. The people involved in creating a budget intentionally underestimate the amount of revenue or overestimate the amount of expenses. For example‚ if a plant manager believes that the cost of raw materials will be RM250‚000 but gives a budgetary projection of RM300‚000‚ the manager has built in RM50‚000 of slack into the budget. Budgetary slack is most common when a company
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PUBLIC BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION In many ways budget documents are the most important manifestation of public they record the outcome of the political process: winners and losers of the political competition. They delineate government total service effort. As political documents budget allocate scarce resources among competing social and economic needs. As managerial documents they specify the ways and means for providing for government services. By establishing
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