chlorine or bromine atoms to form chlorine monoxide or other chemicals‚ which would deplete upper-atmospheric ozone. A seasonal decrease‚ or "hole‚" discovered in 1985 in the ozone layer above Antarctica was the first confirmation of a thinning of the layer. The hole occurs over Antarctica because the extreme cold helps the very high clouds characteristic of that area form tiny ice particles of water and nitric acid‚ which facilitate the chemical reactions involved. In addition‚ the polar
Premium Ozone depletion
article to answer the following questions: a. What has been added to the new table? The atomic weights of oxygen‚ hydrogen‚ lithium‚ boron‚ carbon‚ nitrogen‚ silicon‚ sulfur‚ chlorine and thallium are now be expressed as intervals. b. Why is this addition important? Ratios of isotopes will differ depending on their source (air‚ biological systems‚ earth‚ etc.). The relative abundance of isotopes can help scientists figure out what the source of the element is. Currently the isotopic abundances
Premium Periodic table
free-radical chain of chlorination of 1-Chlorobutne. Free radical-chains occur because alkanes are chemically unreactive with most agents. However‚ the free-radical chain allows a pathway of certain functional groups like alkyl chloride or bromides. In addition‚ chlorine atoms can possibly be made from molecular chlorine under low to mild conditions with the usage of a catalytic amount of an initiator. Sulfuryl chloride is used in this lab instead of molecular chloride for safety purposes. Free radical
Premium Alcohol Oxygen Aldehyde
different hydrogen atoms when reacted with bromine under free-radical substitution. The time it took for the bromine color to disappear was used to determine the order of reactivity of the different hydrocarbons. Data and Results The data of the 10 hydrocarbon tubes and the 2 control tubes with bromine and dichloromethane in the two different conditions is listed below in Table 1. As a result‚ the hydrocarbon tubes in light reacted and lost the bromine color quicker than the tubes not in light
Premium Carbon Functional group Hydrogen
investigate the reaction between bromine and methanoic acid:- Br2 (aq) + HCOOH (aq) ↓ 2Br- (aq) + 2H+ (aq) + CO2 (g) Bromine in aqueous solution is orange-yellow‚ but all the products and the methanoic acid are colourless. The colour gradually fades as the reaction proceeds. In this experiment we wish to determine the order of the reaction with respect to bromine. By using a concentration of methanoic acid which is 10 times greater than that of the bromine we can assume that the
Free Chemistry Concentration Color
Cyclohexanol Organic Chemistry Lab 1 Tuesday 8:00 11/08/11 Paul Jackson Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to form cyclohexene from cyclohexanol through a dehydration reaction. Cyclohexene was successfully synthesized according to the bromine test performed and the IR spectra. There was a percent yield of cyclohexene of 76.1%. Introduction: Alkenes‚ hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond‚ are important functional groups in natural and synthetic compounds. One
Premium Alkene Distillation Alcohol
reagent we need to find the number of moles of acetanilide‚ and the number of moles of Bromine. Mass of Acetanilide used = 0.67g Molar mass of Acetanilide = 135.16g/mol[1] Number of moles of Acetanilide = (0.67g) / (135.16g/mol) = 0‚005 mols Volume of Bromine = 0.25ml Density of Bromine = 3.103 g/ml[2] Mass of Bromine = (0.25ml) X (3.103g/ml) = 0.78g Molar mass of Bromine = 79.9g/mol[2] Number of moles of bromine = (0.78g) / (79.9g/mol) = 0‚0097 mols Acetanilide is the limiting reagent -To find
Premium Stoichiometry Yield Oxygen
oxidation of p-xylene by oxygen in air: Diagram 3.1 The process uses cobalt-manganese-bromide catalyst. The bromide source can be NaBr‚ HBr or tetrabromoethane where bromine functions as a regenerative source of free radicals. In this process‚ acetic acid is the solvent and oxygen from compressed air is the oxidant. The combination of bromine and acetic acid is found to be highly corrosive and hence the equipment is lined with titanium. (http://en
Premium Carboxylic acid Acetic acid
Hydrocarbons Equipment Required: -4 Test tubes -Dropper - Cyclohexane (C6H12) (3ml) - Cyclohexene (C6H10) (3ml) - Toluene (CH3C6H5) (3ml) - Potassium Permanganate solution (KMnO4) .01 mol L-1 (4ml) - Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 2mol L-1 (2ml) - Bromine Water (Br2) (5ml) Procedure: Reaction of hydrocarbons with acidified permanganate: 1) Into three separate‚ labeled test tubes place 1 ml of cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene and toluene respectively. 2) In a separate test tube add 4 ml of 0.01mol L-1
Premium Potassium permanganate Acid Bromine
reaction involving the hydrocarbon C15H32 might be: Apparatus: eye protection‚ 2 test tubes‚ boiling tube‚ delivery tube‚ stopper‚ Bunsen burner‚ pipette‚ bromine water‚ lava rocks‚ air tube‚ clamp‚ paraffin oil‚ wool‚ stand‚ trough‚ water Hypothesis: We will collect the alkanes and alkenes in a test tube and when we put bromine water in‚ the water will turn from yellow to transparent in the presence of an alkene. Method: 1. Place some wool in the back of the boiler tube. Using
Premium Alkene Hydrocarbon Petroleum