A Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole W.H. Perkin & V.M. Trikojus J. Chem. Soc. 1663 (1927) HTML by Rhodium No direct synthesis of safrole has been recorded‚ the most recent attempt being that of Baker and Robinson (JCS‚ 1925‚ 127‚ 1424)‚ who distilled the product of the action of silver oxide and water upon gamma-piperonylpropyltrimethylammonium iodide‚ but obtained isosafrole‚ the double bond moving into the position of greater stability. Kawai (Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.‚ 1925‚ 3‚ 263)
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Metals and Halogens reactions Elements such as fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine‚ iodine‚ and astatine belong to Group 7‚ Halogens. At room temperature‚ fluorine is a yellow gas‚ chlorine is a pale green gas‚ bromine is a red liquid‚ and iodine is a purple solid. Astatine is a radioactive element‚ therefore it exists only in small amounts. All the halogens exist in diatomic molecules. They have high ionization energies and are the most electronegative elements. Their electron configuration ns2 np5 make
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layer is there to protect life from the ultraviolent rays from the sun. These layers become depleted due to high concentrations of chlorine or bromine atoms and include chlorofluorocarbons‚ or CFC’s‚ halons‚ methyl bromide‚ carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform (King & Media n.d.). Since the automobiles‚ emission gases contain few chlorine or bromine; therefore‚ they have little effect on depleting the ozone layers. However‚ the different gases and particles that automobiles emit affect our
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Discussion and Conclusion: Preparation of 1-Bromobutane The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate the conversion of a primary alcohol‚ 1-butanol‚ to a primary bromoalkane‚ 1-bromobutane‚ a SN2 reaction. The conversion of 1-butanol to 1-bromobutane relies on sulfuric acid which plays two important roles. First‚ it protonates the alcohol of 1-butanol to form an oxonium ion which is a good leaving group. Secondly‚ it produces the hydrobromic acid‚ the nucleophile‚ which attacks 1-butanol
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represented by 5Br—(aq) + BrO3—(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l) The progress of the reaction may be followed by adding a fixed amount of phenol together with some methyl red indicator. The bromine produced during the reaction reacts very rapidly with phenol. Once all the phenol is consumed‚ any further bromine bleaches the indicator immediately. So‚ the time for the reaction to proceed to a given point may be determined. Requirements: Apparatus: Beaker Burettes Boiling tubes Stop-watch
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Objective: The purpose of this lab was to use transfer hydrogenation to saturate glycerol trioleate (the main fat in olive oil) to produce glycerol tristearate. Reaction Equations: Theoretical Yield: There was no Theoretical yield in this experiment Procedure: Fill a 50 mL beaker with 30 mL of water and place it on the hot plate. Add 14 drops of olive oil to a 10 mL round bottom flask and then add 1 mL of cyclohexene. Add .05 grams of 10% palladium-on-carbon to the round bottom flask
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Cyclohexene From Cyclohexanol 5/29/14 Abstract: A 42.89% yield cyclohexene was successfully synthesized from 10.0 mL cyclohexanol by unimolecular elimination (E1) through the dehydration of cyclohexanol and confirmed via a bromine test and the IR spectra. Introduction: Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have carbon–carbon double bonds and are one of the many functional groups in organic molecules. Alkenes are sp2 hybridized and are unsaturated because two of their hydrogen’s
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reaction. In order to separate the cyclohexene product from the cyclohexanol starting component‚ previously learned lab techniques such as extractions and simple distillation were used. The formation of the product was verified by performing a Bromine test as well as an analysis using IR Spectroscopy. A percent yield of 8.33% was obtained. Introduction: In an elimination reaction‚ two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism. There is a removal of a leaving
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Name _________________________________________ Date _________________________ Period ____ Homework Chapter 7: Electronic Structure of Atoms Exercises: Sections 7.4‚ 7.5 : Ionization Energy and Electron Affinities 1. Write equations that show the process for (a) The first two ionization energies of gallium; first: Ga(g) → Ga+(g) + 1 e– second: Ga+(g) → Ga2+(g) + 1 e– (b) the fourth ionization energy of rhodium. fourth: Rh3+(g) → Rh4+(g) + 1 e–
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om the US Food and Drug administration(FDA)‚ BPA can possibly cause hazards to foetuses‚ infants‚ and young children. The adverse effects of BPA will be explained in details in plastics No. 7. 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) – Safe Problem: antimony‚ EA PET are often used to hold soft drinks‚ water‚ juice‚ sports drinks and other drinkable or edible liquids. It is also used in microwavable food trays and oven-friendly thin plastic. This plastic is considered to be safe but there is still risk
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