ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum amount possible and
Free Distillation Sulfuric acid Acetic acid
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY FORENSIC CHEMISTRY SUMMARY NOTES |Ensuring accuracy and contamination of samples for analysis – 1a and 1A |Ensuring accuracy and contamination of samples for analysis – 1a and | | |1A (continued) | |Caution must be taken by scene investigators with regard to their tools‚ |
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Mutagens may be of physical‚ chemical or biological origin. They may act directly on the DNA‚ causing direct damage to the DNA‚ and most often result in replication error. Some however may act on the replication mechanism and chromosomal partition. Many mutagens are not mutagenic by themselves‚ but can form mutagenic metabolites through cellular processes. Such mutagens are called promutagens. [edit]Physical mutagens Ionizing radiations such as X-rays‚ gamma rays and alpha particles may cause DNA
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reactions of 1- and 2-Bromobutane with potassium tert-butoxide occur through an E2 mechanism. In the dehydrobromination of 1-bromobutane‚ potassium tert-butoxide‚ a strong base‚ deprotonates the beta carbon while bromine leaves‚ forming a monosubstituted alkene. Because the leaving group‚ bromine‚ in 1-bromobutane is located on the first carbon‚ the formation of a disubstituted alkene is not possible‚ which is why the gas chromatogram for this reaction should only have one peak‚ suggesting only one product
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Edexcel A2 Chemistry Questions and Answers Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Unit 4 Rates‚ equilibria and further organic chemistry Multiple-choice questions ..............................................................................7 Structured questions . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Exam 1A-CHEM 1150 F12 Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following elements is a metal? A) As B) Se C) Sn 1) D) C E) I 2) Determine the mass of an object that has a volume of 88.6 mL and a density of 9.77 g/mL. A) 298 g B) 568 g C) 907 g D) 1100 g E) 866 g 2) 3) A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She
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Basic Stoichiometry PhET Lab rvsd 2/2011 Let’s make some sandviches! _ Introduction: When we bake/cook something‚ we use a specific amount of each ingredient. Imagine if you made a batch of cookies and used way too many eggs‚ or not enough sugar. YUCK! In chemistry‚ reactions proceed with very specific recipes. The study of these recipes is stoichiometry. When the reactants are present in the correct amounts‚ the reaction will produce products. What happens if there are more or less of
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locating translucent spots/area in the filter paper. B. SOLUBILITY Specific Objective: To test for the solubility of the suspected lipid-containing samples. C. TEST FOR UNSATURATION (BROMINE WATER TEST) Specific Objective: To test for unsaturation of lipids through a change in colour or discoloration of the bromine water. To test for the presence of carbon-carbon double bonds. D. ACROLEIN TEST Specific Objective: To test for the presence of glycerol/glycerin or fats. E. AMMONIUM MOLIBDATE
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Sample Paper chemistry Class 11 1. 1.7 g of AgNO3 is dissolved in 100 g of water. 0.585g of NaCl dissolved in 100g of water is added to it and chemical reaction occurs. 1.435g of AgCl and 0.85 g of NaNO3 are formed. Justify that the data obey the law of conservation of mass 2. (a) When 4.2g of sodium bicarbonate is added to a solution of acetic acid weighing 10g‚ it is observed that 2.2g of CO2 is released into atmosphere. The residue is found to weigh 12g. Show that these observations
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elements that had not been discovered yet and it contained the atomic mass of the elements. DISADVANTAGES: * When Dmitri put the elements in order of atomic mass‚ he had trouble getting iodine because iodine was similar properties to chlorine and bromine. But iodine had a low atomic mass. So iodine could not be in his rows. This caused Dmitri to break his own rule; he made for the periodic table. DISADVANTAGES: * When Dmitri put the elements in order of atomic mass‚ he had trouble getting
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