composition‚ such as the physical state change. However‚ a chemical change includes the change in the composition of the substance. The change in color‚ formation of a gas or a solid product‚ and the production of energy are the evidences of a chemical reaction‚ thus‚ of a chemical change. Materials Crucible tongs Evaporating dish Glass rod Test tubes Test tube rack Thermometer Analytical balance Magnesium ribbon pH paper 1M copper (II) sulfate Iron metal 6M hydrochloric acid
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Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation‚ use‚ conversion‚ and exchange of thermal energy and heat between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms‚ such as thermal conduction‚ thermal convection‚ thermal radiation‚ and transfer of energy by phase changes. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species‚ either cold or hot‚ to achieve heat transfer. While these mechanisms have distinct characteristics
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Nuclear Chemistry: The Good vs. the Ugly The definition for nuclear chemistry is the application of chemical techniques to the solution of problems in nuclear physics. This includes the discovery of naturally occurring and synthetic radioactive elements and the results of nuclear fission. There are both pros and cons in nuclear chemistry. People believe that nuclear chemistry is bad for the environment but there are a lot of great things that can come out of this. Things like medical uses‚ food
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Heat of Combustion Questions 1. When bonds are broken‚ energy is required. When bond are formed‚ energy is released. All combustion reactions are exothermic. Suggest a reason for this in terms of the bonds broken and bonds formed. The energy required to break the bonds is greater than the energy required to form. 2. Explain why the heat of combustion of alkanols increases as the length of the carbon chain increases. The heat of combustion of alkanol increases as the length of carbon chain
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Constant of an Unknown Ester Hydrolysis Reaction Abstract The experiments to follow determined that the equilibrium concentrations of the reaction: ester + water ↔ alcohol + acid‚ are equal to 0.0363 moles of ester‚ 0.2852 moles of water‚ and 0.0268 moles each of alcohol and acid. Using this information the equilibrium constant was determined to be 0.06938. 1. Introduction In this lab the equilibrium constant‚ Kc‚ for the acid catalyzed reaction between an unknown ester and water
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The reaction order‚ based on the rate law‚ was first order with respect to crystal violet and second order with respect to OH-. The rate law was as follows: Rate law = k [CV]1[OH-]1 where k equaled 2.61. In order to determine the reaction order with respect to crystal violet‚ the graph that described the relationship between ln[CV] and time (seconds) was Figure 2. Not only did Figure 2 generate a more linear relationship‚ but it had the highest R2 value of 0.992 than ([CV] versus time) and ([1/CV]
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Physics 2426 Date 9/19/2011 Experiment: Electrical Method Mechanical Equivalent of heat Group No 2 Objectives The objective of this experiment is to determine experimentally where the heat comes from and how is it created; also to understand what the relationship between mechanical energy‚ electrical power and joule heating coming from a resistor submerged in water. Furthermore comprehend how to use an electric circuit depending on the use of an ammeter or a voltmeter using a parallel
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Heat and Temperature Heat is often described by the average individual as being the change in temperature from hot to cold. “Often the concepts of heat and temperature are thought to be the same‚ but they are not.” Heat and Temperature‚ para. 2) Perhaps the reasoning behind the incorrect reasoning is that humans associate the two together because when heat is applied to an object the temperature rises. The kinetic theory of matter better explains the underlying cause as to what takes place
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Calorimeter Determination of Reaction Enthalpy 9/11/2014 Introduction: A chemical reaction often indicated by a transfer of energy measured in heat. By measuring this heat transfer in a constant pressurized environment‚ the enthalpy of the reaction can be used to infer certain information about a specific reactions reactants and products. The transfer of heat from outside sources in would be described as an endothermic reaction. Contrary‚ when a reaction releases heat out to its surroundings
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Importance of chemistry : 1. Chemistry can improve the conditions of human life and even save lives. 2. Provides deeper knowledge. 3. * Plastics that are as strong as metals but light weight. * Personal care and household products * Polymers or various sizes and shapes * Metal alloys * Drugs from various ailment CONTRIBUTION OF CHEMISTRY : 1. Food and agriculture 2. energy production 3 . environment preservation 4 . education 5 . clothing 6. colors and
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