Chapter 8 Metabolism Thousands of biochemical reactions All require Metabolism transforms matter & energy & obeys the laws of physics Several steps from starting reactant to product Metabolic Pathway 3 steps Each is a separate reaction carried out by a unique and specific enzyme Catabolic Break down complex molecules into simpler ones Release energy Anabolic Build molecules up Consume energy Energy The capacity to cause change Many forms in which some we can use to do work Convert energy from one
Premium Metabolism Enzyme Adenosine triphosphate
University I. II. III. IV. Catabolic Metabolism: The Synthesis of ATP Photosynthesis Origin of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Illustrations of the Uses of ATP: Ion Transport‚ Biosynthesis‚ and Motility V. Concluding Statements GLOSSARY Adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP) The carrier of free energy in cells. Bioenergetics The study of energy relationships in living systems. Chloroplasts The sites of photosynthesis in green plants. Ion transport The movement of ions across biological membranes. Metabolism
Free Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
CHAPTER 6 (SECTION 6.3) Bonding Carbon- 4 bonds attached Oxygen- 2 bonds attached Hydrogen- 1 bond attached Purines vs. Pyrimidines Purines- adenine & guanine Pyrimidines- cytosine‚ thymine (DNA)‚ uracil (RNA) Pentose vs. Hexose sugars Pentose- 5 carbon atoms Hexose- 6 carbon atoms Carbohydrates Empirical Formula CH2O Hydrolysis vs. Condensation Reactions Hydrolysis- using water to break down protein into amino acids Condensation Reaction- nucleotides Enzymes- a protein
Free DNA Cell Cell wall
Name Chapter 2--Cell Physiology Description Instructions Modify Add Question Here Question 1 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question Which component below is not always found in a typical human cell? Answer cytosol DNA flagellum plasma membrane water Add Question Here Question 2 Multiple Choice 0 points Modify Remove Question A typical human cell is about ____ micrometers in diameter. Answer 1 to 2 10 to 20 80 to 100 150 to 200 200 to 300 Add Question
Premium Cell Cellular respiration Endoplasmic reticulum
B I O L O G Y 130 INTRODUCTORY CELL BIOLOGY LECTURE NOTES Department of Biology University of Waterloo Fall‚ 2012 BIOL 130 LECTURE NOTES Fall‚ 2012 a Lecture Notes This booklet contains the notes that will be presented as part of the online modules. For copyright reasons‚ the figures that will be shown along with the notes cannot be reproduced. However‚ most of these figures come from the required course text‚ Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments‚ 6th edition
Premium Covalent bond Protein DNA
Sir Safar Lecture 2 Finals Pentose Phosphate Pathway (S. 70) Alternative pathway for glucose oxidation. Similar to glycolysis‚ but instead of having pyruvate as the end product it is diverted to other pathways. Supplier of energy to the cell in the form of NADPH (a reducing power for biosynthesis). It is also referred to as hexose monophosphate shunt. *Fate of glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) IN THE PPP (S. 71) Taken out from glycolysis and converted into Ribulose 5-phosphate. With the conversion
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Metabolism Glycolysis
reactions involving many steps. Breakdown of glucose can occur in the presence of oxygen (aerobically)‚ or in the absence of oxygen (anaerobically). Energy released by the breakdown of glucose is stored in the high energy phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate‚ ATP. Aerobic respiration yields the most energy for organisms‚ with every mole of glucose producing about 36 - 40 moles of ATP. Under anaerobic conditions‚ only 2 moles of ATP are produced. Cellular respiration is the breakdown of organic
Premium Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate Oxygen
When we begin to exercise the first system we would use to create ATP is the ATP-PC system. This system acts by creating ATP from phosphocreatine‚ making use specificially of the phosphate molecule. When energy is used or expended it becomes ADP (Adenosine Di Phosphate)‚ and therefore needs one phosphate molecule to create energy. So the main fuel source for this system is Phosphocreatine. This system will last for up to 10 seconds and after that all the stores of phosphocreatine are depleted and
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Metabolism Cellular respiration
glycolysis or gluconeogenesis predominate as to prevent concurrent activity in two closely parallel pathways‚ where if both Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis happen at the same exact moment‚ ‚ the net result would be the hydrolysis of four nucleotide triphosphates (two ATP plus two GTP) per reaction cycle. However‚ this non reciprocal regulation is a futile cycle‚ which would simply waste ATP if allowed to run freely. In reciprocal regulation‚ the amounts and activities of the distinctive enzymes of each
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Glycolysis
1. A saturated fat has one or more double bonds between the carbons in its fatty acid tail: A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): False 2. This organelle keeps DNA from getting tangled in cytoplasmic machinery and isolates it from damaging reactions A) endoplasmic reticulum B) nucleus C) nucleolus D) golgi body Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): B 3. A buffer protects cells against: A) changes in pH B) excessive weight gain C) salt D) heat
Premium Adenosine triphosphate DNA Cell