know the elements of life – and how the reduction and oxidative of some of these drive bioenergetics oxidize carbon (i.e. glucose source) and reduce oxygen (electron acceptor) (CHNOPS) and iron (Fe; trace element; Fe also important to obtain cellular energy). Nutrition: CHNOPS Trace Elements: Iron (Fe)‚ Ni‚ Mg‚ Mo‚ Mn‚ Ca (important in humans due to osteoblastic activity)‚ Co Occupancy: beat out others for a spot to live‚ e.g. microbiota (normal flora) Resistance: defend against microbes‚ eukaryotes
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Biology Midterm Review Sheet *** This is a general review sheet. It covers the main concepts from each chapter. You should also review your notes‚ vocab notecards‚ quizzes‚ tests‚ and labs to thoroughly prepare for this exam. The midterm will consist of 80 multiple choice and 8 free response questions. Note: For the midterm you will need a blue or black pen‚ a pencil‚ and a calculator. What you should focus on from the textbook: Unit 1- Introduction to Biology (ch. 1) Independent vs
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Jeannie Kopstein November 2014 AP Biology Respiration lab write up Mrs. Beck Background: Aerobic cellular respiration is a pivotal process in which organisms carry out in order to sustain life. It is characterized by the release of energy from organic compounds by means of chemical oxidation within the mitochondria of the cell. The reactants are glucose and oxygen‚ and after a series of complex steps‚ the products of carbon dioxide‚ water‚ and ATP + heat are released. Thus
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Active and passive transport are the ways in which cells allow things to move into and out of the cell through the cell membrane. They include many different ways to transport things. Passive transport requires no expenditure of energy by the cell. However‚ Active transport requires ATPs which have energy in order for it to move something through the cell membrane. There are different types of transport to suit the sizes of molecules as well. Passive transport includes diffusion‚ osmosis‚ and
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MBB 110 2nd Part Energy Generation/Transport For eukaryotes‚ mitochondria generates energy. For prokaryotes‚ cell membrane performs energy synthesis Glycolysis ATP is needed Glucose Pyruvate Net production of 2 ATP Citric acid cycle Substrate level phosphorylation Electron Transport Chain Occurs in cell membrane Sequence involve repair organization Anaerobic respiration: NOT O2 Aerobic respiration: O2 final acceptor ATP is produced by the Proton Motive Force Chemiosmosis H+ accumulates
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FACTORS AFFECTING PERFORMANCE How does training affect performance? • energy systems anaerobic Alactacid (ATP/PC) Lactic acid Aerobic Process An explosive movement causes the ATP to ‘split’‚ providing energy for muscular contraction Anaerobic glycolysis – degradation of glucose without using oxygen Aerobic metabolism – breakdown of fuel in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP Source of fuel Creatine phosphate Carbohydrate Carbohydrate‚ fat and protein ATP production Rapidly
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The drug “dinitrophenol” (DNP) was prescribed by some physicians in the 1940’s to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after a few patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Explain how this could cause weight loss. In chemiosmosis‚ NADH are passed along the electron transport chain‚ with energy used to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the protons are transferred
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PET 3351 Exercise Physiology Second Exam Review (Fall 2012) Chapter IV: The Physiological Basis of Muscular Strength and Flexibility 1. Strength is operationally defined as the maximal force that can be exerted in a single effort. Using this definition‚ strength should be assessed using one repetition maximum (1 RM)‚ though we often estimate strength using tests that may involve multiple repetitions. 2. In strength training and rehabilitation‚ emphasis should be given to both the concentric
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Associate Level Material Appendix C The Building Blocks of Life Worksheet Part 1: Mitosis and Meiosis Short-Answer Response Use Ch. 5 of BioInquiry and the “Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis” video as resources for Part 1 of this assignment. Write 75- to 100-word answers to the following questions. Why are the process of mitosis and meiosis both important to a living organism? Mitosis and meiosis are important‚ because mitosis is a type of sexual reproduction which enables a cell to
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The Building Blocks of Life Worksheet Part 1: Mitosis and Meiosis Short-Answer Response Why are the process of mitosis and meiosis both important to a living organism? The process of mitosis and meiosis are both important to a living organism because without them a cell would not be able to reproduce. Mitosis is an asexual process used to replace old and dead cells with new ones by dividing into two identical daughter cells. Meiosis‚ however‚ is the step that makes sexual reproduction possible
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