Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are fascinating‚ complicated‚ and important processes that are essential to life. Cellular respiration exists in animal and plants‚ whereas photosynthesis only exists in plants due to the chloroplast organelle. Cellular respiration starts with glucose‚ and oxygen and the photosynthesis process on the other hand starts off with the absorption of photons of light from the sun.While the end products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide‚ water‚ and ATP‚ the
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EXAM QUESTIONS 1) Describe the alternative fates of pyruvate in cellular respiration. 2) Write notes on the structure and significance of α and β glycosidic bonds. 3) Describe the mechanism of DNA duplication. Include a brief account of the types of proteins‚ cofactors and enzymes involved. 4) Write an account of two of the key historical experiments that identified DNA as the carrier of the genetic code. 5) Describe the “central dogma” for the genetic code and the basis by which genetic information
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1. Paracrine signaling A) involves secreting cells acting on nearby target cells by discharging a local regulator into the extracellular fluid. B) requires nerve cells to release a neurotransmitter into the synapse. C) occurs only in paracrine yeast cells. D) has been found in plants but not animals. E) involves mating factors attaching to target cells and causing production of new paracrine cells. 2. Which of the following is true of synaptic signaling and hormonal signaling? A)
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1. Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway through which glucose (C6H12O6) is oxidized to pyruvate (CH3COCOO−). It takes place in the cytosol of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. During the first steps of glycolysis‚ 2ATP molecules are used to attach two phosphates to the glucose molecule‚ leaving a 6-carbon sugar diphosphate and 2 ADP molecules. Afterwards‚ the 6-carbon sugar diphosphate is split into two 3-carbon sugars by the enzyme Isomerase. The two 3-carbon sugar molecules then both undergo
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A. Fermentation Lab- The basic process Prepared 3 beakers with contents listed below. ( a. Beaker 1: glucose only b. Beaker 2: Starch only c. Beaker 3: Starch + amylase). Poured contents of each beaker into its respective fermentation tube‚ ensuring the tail portion of the tube was filled with liquid. Placed tubes in an incubator at 37 degrees‚ measuring distance between tip of tube tail to fluid level at 20‚ 40‚ and 60 minute intervals. Calculated gas volume using this distance along with radius
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Muscle Tissue 1. How is muscle tissue categorized? Muscle tissue is categorized by its shape‚ the number of nuclei‚ and the mechanism of stimulation. 2. a. Click the Smooth Muscle Tissue. Identify each of the following: Nucleus----- Smooth Fiber Muscle------------------ b. Describe smooth muscle control (voluntary or involuntary). Involuntary c. Name some smooth muscle functions (click the “Tissue Locations” button). Smooth
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A1. Role of Enzymes in Processes Enzymes are organic catalysts that help to speed up the breakdown of a molecule‚ such as fructose. The enzyme helps a chemical reaction take place quickly so that the reaction happens properly. In order for that to happen the enzymes process by the lock and key model‚ the lock is the substrate and the enzyme is the key. The active sites are specific to a certain substrate of a molecule‚ so the enzymes only have one job to do. The shape of an enzyme is not changed
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Organisms through cellular respiration convert energy into ATP. They do this in three distinct stages; glycolysis‚the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain are both aerobic process and require oxygen. In certain conditions where oxygen is not present or is low some organisms switch from cellular respiration into alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation. Fermentation is an anaerobic‚ metabolic pathway used to oxidize nicotinamide adenine
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Topic 8: Cell respiration and Photosynthesis 8.1 Cell respiration 8.1.1 State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element‚ whereas reduction involves a gain of electrons; and that oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen‚ whereas reduction frequently involves losing oxygen or gaining hydrogen Oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element‚ whereas reduction involves a gain of electrons; and that oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen
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Physiology plays a major role in the way the body functions. In football the body has to adapt to the intensity of the game as it varies from low to high. A footballer would mainly use their aerobic energy system due to constant and consistent exercise. It is suggested that footballers use 90% of their aerobic metabolism (Mcmillan et al 2004). Yet they would also use their anaerobic energy when displaying skills such as striking as it uses a short burst of energy. The aerobic capacity of a footballer
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