However‚ certain aspects of his theory do not cover the complexity of today’s popular culture‚ and what he is fails to grasp is the subjectivity of art. Even though Adorno believed that‚ “Listening to popular music is manipulated by its promoters”(21)‚ many times the promoters‚ or in this case the artists‚ simply create their songs as a way to express themselves. With this‚ music is another form of emotional expression
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When trying to explain the complexities of human behaviour Adorno et al’s (1950) research into authoritarian personality emphasised that early childhood experiences have a strong impact on personality. Rokeach (1960) observed dogmatism as a cognitive function‚ not connected to personality. Bigelow and La Gaipa (1975) highlighted friendship and the interaction with others to be an important influence on behaviour. Biology; the relationship between the brain and the cognitive process ‘language’ is
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Culture industry is a term coined by critical theorists Theodor Adorno (1903–1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895–1973)‚ who argued in the chapter of their book Dialectic of Enlightenment‚ ’The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception’‚ that popular culture is akin to a factory producing standardized cultural goods – through film‚ radio and magazines – to manipulate the masses into passivity; the easy pleasures available through consumption of popular culture make people docile and content‚ no
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Althusser‚ Ideology and Interpellation The French philosopher‚ Louis Althusser‚ first popularized the word in his seminal essay “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an Investigation)” (Althusser‚ 1972). In the essay‚ Althusser explores the relationship between the state‚ modes of (re)producing power and ideology from a Marxist perspective‚ defining ideology as “the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence” (Althusser 1972: 162). In his definition
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The independent institute Frankfurt School was founded by Jewish intellectuals‚ Theodor Adorno‚ Max Horkheimer and Herbert Macuse within a Nazi empowered Germany in 1923. After relocating to various parts of America‚ gaining exposure from Los Angeles and Hollywood lifestyle‚ the school returned. They took a great concern in the analysis of popular culture and the Culture Industry that had affected Germany in the 1940s. Although these changes reshaped a nation over 70 years ago‚ Frankfurt School’s
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Adorno‚ originally from Germany‚ was exiled in 1933 and left the country looking for freedom from the dictatorship ruled by Adolf Hitler. However‚ instead he found himself surrounded by a new form of propaganda; the mass culture industry of America. Adorno and Horkheimer appeared to be quite critical of this mass culture industry and its impact on society and discuss the entertainment industry and how its shaped the world over time‚ for better and for worse. In their essay ‘The Culture Industry:
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contemporary culture is formed. In ‘The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception’‚ Adorno and Horkheimer look at the concept of pseudo-individualisation and reveal how mass media follows the same formula but is delivered to the audience in different ways. The pinnacle of present day mass media is the social media site Facebook. The customisable user interface is a modern representation of Adorno and Horkheimers’ theory of standardisation and pseudo-individualisation. First of all we
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a model to analyze some political processes‚ i.e. cultural production‚ cultural texts‚ political economy‚ audience reception and use of cultural artifacts (Kellner 1989 and 1995). As the key represents of the Frankfurt school‚ Horkheimer and T.W. Adorno did a lot of research about mass culture and they criticized that mass-produced culture aims to the entertainment whose purpose is appealing vast audience rather than making contribution to high art and it has a political implication as well which
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measure and are considered to reflect underlying personality types. Motivated by the events of the Second World War‚ a specific application of personality theory by Adorno et al. (1950) examined one personality type in depth. The authors aimed to test whether an authoritarian personality - as indicated by expression of
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stationary bikes purchasing new hair styles and clothes for their avatar‚ consuming pornographic videos‚ and watching pointless shows. “The customer is not king‚ as the culture industry would have us to believe‚ not its subject‚ but its object.” (Adorno 103). The things they are consuming they don’t truly need‚ but instead something they think they need. They are there for the system and undertaking what the system wants them to do such as buy the newest things and watch worthless shows to keep them
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