manager‚ whichever type of organization he/she works in‚ very often faces situations where he/she has to decide/choose among two or more alternative courses of action. These are called as decision making situations. The different types of managerial decisions can be categorized in the following manner: 1. Routine/repetitive/programmable vs. non routine‚ non-programmable decisions; 2. Operating vs. strategic decisions. The routine/repetitive/programmable decisions are those which can be taken
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Ethical Decision Making Process Ethics and Legal Issues in Counseling CNSL 5307–VC07 Dr. Simmons October 27‚ 2013 Introduction While every job and every position is considered important in their own right‚ certain professions have greater direct impacts on individual’s well beings than others. One such profession is that of a counselor. Counselors serve in a variety of settings‚ to a variety of clients and to meet a variety of different goals. As a result‚ the nature of the
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Decision-Making Case Study Decision-Making Case Study Effective decision-making is a major component in managing an organization‚ resources‚ and staff members. Managers may make dozens of important decisions daily that affect the operations‚ quality‚ and success of their organization. Not all managers have the natual ability to be effective decision-makers but that does not mean this is an unatainable skill. With the use of tools and intelligent use of resources‚ this skill can be developed
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involvement of employees in decision making process of organization. During the last two decades the revolutionary steps that have been initiated to facilitate the high performance working mainly focused on increasing the ways of joint consultation‚ which attracts both employers (who demand better business results) and employees (who demand recognition and protection of employee rights) (CIPD‚ 2009). Employee voice is a very important factor in the success of an organization. Dundon et al. (2004) argues
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The importance of organizations in modern economy and development of new and large organization are facts that make the issues like efficiency and control on the centre of attention in different social sciences . Efficiency in organization is directly linked with its organizational system. This essay firstly will review the characteristics of bureaucracy in organization on base of classical theory. Secondly it will outline the advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy by focus on Weber’s bureaucratic
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Clinical decision making can be defined as‚ the collection of relevant patient information and accurate assessment‚ which results in an action being taken in the delivery of nursing care to the patient (Clark 1996). This definition is identical to the nursing process as described by (ref ewles & simnett?) however‚ this has been disparaged by some for not being critical in its stages (assesment‚ planning‚ implementation and evaluation) leading to standardized care plans and the reduction in decision making
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The military decision-making process (MDMP) is an iterative planning methodology that integrates the activities of the commander‚ staff‚ subordinate headquarters‚ and other partners to understand the situation and mission‚ develop and compare courses of action (COA)‚ decide on a COA that best accomplishes the mission‚ and produce an operation plan or order for execution. (MDMP Handbook‚ p. 7) According to the MDMP Handbook‚ “The MDMP facilitates collaborative and parallel planning as the higher
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later. Groupthink is defined as a group’s inability to make correct decisions as a result of the implied need for group cohesion. “Janis provides a series of statements that collectively are a definition of groupthink: ‘Groupthink refers to a deterioration of mental efficiency‚ reality testing‚ and moral judgment that results from in-group pressures’” (Hutter 5). Group members force themselves to come to an agreement about decisions even when some members may have differing opinions on the subject
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A Decison Making Model There is a tendancy to make decisions automatically rather than taking a systematic approach. It is still important to monitor yourself‚ and when possible follow this decision making model (Smith‚ 2002[2]): Detect - Detect that a change has occured Estimate - Estimate the need for action to adapt to the change Choose - Choose the most desirable outcome Identify - Identification of actions which will successfully control the change Do - Carry out the chosen actions
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ORGANIZATIONAL CONSTRAINTS IN DECISION MAKING The organization itself constrains decision makers and thus can create deviations from the rational model. Managers‚ for instance‚ shape their decisions to reflect the organization’s performance evaluation and reward system‚ to comply with the organization’s formal regulations‚ and to meet organizationally imposed time constraints. Previous organizational decisions also act as precedents to constrain current decision. Performance Evaluation
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