The Contingency Approach: Y. Y^ -a . . ’ ^ 1 i^-^ .g ^ ‚ The Contingency Its l^oundations and Relevance A poc p r ah to Theory Building and Research in Marketing by Valarie A. Zeithaml Duke University‚ Durham‚ North Carolina‚ P. "Rajan" Varadarajan Texas A&M University‚ and Carl P. Zeithaml University of North Carolina‚ Chapel Hill Introduction During the 1960s‚ management theory and research began to adopt a new orientation‚ one that embodied a remarkably simple concept
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System approach theory A system is a combination of things or parts forming a complex or a unitary whole aimed at working together to achieve a common purpose. This approach was used to integrate various management schools; it mainly aimed at job managing. With this approach‚ an organization was to divide itself into manageable systems forming a whole so as to be able to fully increase the workers’ productivity and issues for successful results. Managing jobs and provide a framework for visualizing
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Advantages of the Database Approach * == Data Independence == * The data is held in such a way that changes to the structure of the database do not effect any of the programs used to access the data. * == Consistency of Data == * Each item of data is held only once therefore no danger of item being updated on one system and not on another. * == Control Over Redundancy == * In a non-database system‚ the same information may be held on several files. This wastes space
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One pioneer who was instrumental in moving organization theory to the contingency approach was Joan Woodward‚ who studies the effect of technology on the organization. Woodward found that many variations in organization structure were associated with differences in manufacturing techniques. As Woodward pointed out: "Different technologies imposed different kinds of demands‚ and these demands had to met through an appropriate structure. Commercially successful firms seemed to be those in which function
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the purposive approach. (10 marks) There are many advantages to the purposive approach. Firstly‚ it gives effect to Parliaments intentions and avoids injustice‚ so the judges can avoid obvious absurdities and injustives so enables them to comply with Parliamentary sovreignity by doing what Parliament would have wanted; even though it’s ignoring the clear meaning of the words Parliament used. For example‚ in Coltman V Bibby Tankers when they had to interpret
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| Definition of contingency(noun) by the Oxford Dictionary noun (plural contingencies) * a future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty * examples: a detailed contract which attempts to provide for all possible contingencies * a provision for a possible event or circumstance: stores were kept as a contingency against a blockade * an incidental expense: allow an extra fifteen per cent on the budget for contingencies * [mass noun] the absence
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The Advantages and Disadvantages of Communicative Language Teaching The Advantages and Disadvantages of Communicative Language Teaching By HAH Introduction The focus of this essay is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). In doing so‚ it is important to first clarify the meaning of CLT and it’s place in the ongoing history of language teaching methodology. CLT is generally accepted as the most recognized‚ contemporary approach to language
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Contingency Approach to Management Published on March 20‚ 2007 by NIKMAHAJAN in Business and Society Comments (26)|39 Liked It The contingency approach believes that it is impossible to select one way of managing that works best in all situations like promoted by Taylor. The contingency approach believes that it is impossible to select one way of managing that works best in all situations like promoted by Taylor. Their approach is to identify the conditions of a task (scientific management
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING INTERNET In the history of human mankind‚ the Internet has undoubtedly been the greatest development in the domain of communication industry. Internet has tremendous potentials and a lot to offer in terms of services. However‚ if examined carefully‚ the Internet appears to have not only advantages but also some drawbacks. One good point is that the Internet is a source of information. There is a huge amount of information available on the Internet for just
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Advantages of Total Quality Management (TQM) Improves Reputation - TQM programs have the advantage of improving corporate as well as product reputations in the marketplace‚ because errors and defective products are discovered much more rapidly than under a non-TQM system‚ and often before they are ever sent to market or found in the hands of the public. Higher Employee Morale - Compared to employees who are motivated‚ disengaged workers are less efficient‚ miss more workdays and cost organizations
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