1 Why probability and statistics? Is everything on this planet determined by randomness? This question is open to philosophical debate. What is certain is that every day thousands and thousands of engineers‚ scientists‚ business persons‚ manufacturers‚ and others are using tools from probability and statistics. The theory and practice of probability and statistics were developed during the last century and are still actively being refined and extended. In this book we will introduce the basic notions
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Probability Concepts 1. Fundamental Concepts of Probability 2. Mutually Exclusive and Collectively Exhaustive 3. Statistically Independent and Dependent Events 4. Bayes’Theorem Learning Objectives • Understand the basic foundations of probability analysis • Learn the probability rules for conditional probability and joint probability • Use Bayes’ theorem to establish posterior probabilities Reference: Text Chapter 2 Introduction • Life is uncertain; we are note sure what the
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Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to apply Mendel’s laws to predict the probability of the occurrence of a single event‚ of two independent events and of certain traits in offspring of parents exhibiting traits. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk in 1866‚ who studied how traits were passed using pea plants. From his studies of inheritance‚ he created three laws of inheritance: the law of dominance‚ the law of segregation‚ and the law of independent assortment. He called genes ‘’factors’’
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[pic] TITILE : THEORY OF PROBABILITY NAME : KYRIOS JOYCE ERDAYA RAJOO IC NO : 930603-10-5700 CLASS : 5 MULIA TEACHER : MRS.MALLIKA a) History of Probability The scientific study of probability is a modern development. Gambling shows that there has been an interest in quantifying the ideas of probability for millennia‚ but exact mathematical
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companies and the probability of getting a job offer there. These data are tabulated below. The tabulation is in the decreasing order of cost. 1. If the graduate applies to all 10 companies‚ what is the probability that she will get at least one offer? 2. If she can apply to only one company‚ base on cost and success probability criteria alone‚ should she apply to company 5? Why or why not? 3. If she applies to companies 2‚5‚8‚ and 9‚ what is the total cost? What is the probability that she will
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finalists‚ what is the probability of selecting: A: 3 females and 2 males? B: 4 females and 1 male? C: 5 females? D: At least 4 females? Problem 2 By examining the past driving records of drivers in a certain city‚ an insurance company has determined the following (empirical) probabilities: [pic] If a driver in this city is selected at random‚ what is the probability that: A: He or she drives less than 10‚000 miles per year or has an accident? (Type a decimal) B: He or
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A group of investors wants to develop a chain of fast-food restaurants. In determining potential costs for each facility‚ they must consider‚ among other expenses‚ the average monthly electric bill. They decide to sample some fast-food restaurants currently operating to estimate the monthly cost of electricity. They want to be 90% confident of their results and want the error of the interval estimate to be no more than $100. They estimate that such bills range from $600 to $2‚500. How large a sample
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MGT 601: Statistical Inference Lecture 03 Dr. MUMTAZ AHMED Objectives of Current Lecture In the current lecture: Introduction to Probability Definition and Basic concepts of probability Some basic questions related to probability Laws of probability Conditional probability Independent and Dependent Events Related Examples 2 Probability Probability (or likelihood) is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that something will happen or that a statement is true. For example
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classical and empirical probabilities. a. Classical probabilities are based on assumptions; Empirical probabilities are based on observations. b. Classical probabilities do not require an action to take place; Empirical probabilities have to have been “performed”. 2) Gather 16 to 30 coins. Shake and empty bag of coins 10 times and tally up how many head and tails are showing. Number of coins: 20 * Consider the first toss‚ what is the observed probability of tossing a head? Of
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probability questions : 1. A real estate office has been averaging 1.8 sales per day for the past several months. What is the probability that the office will make 4 sales today? .0723 2. A washing machine in a Laundromat breaks down an average of two times per month. What is the probability that the machine will break down more than 28 times in the next year? .1775 3. Flaws occur randomly in a particular fabric with a mean rate of occurance of 1.5 every 5 sqare yards. If you purchase 20 square
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