Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality. (12 marks) The behavioural approach suggests that all behaviour is learnt. This includes abnormal behaviours. Behaviours can be learned through classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning or modelling. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning‚ where learning results from the association of stimuli with reflex responses. Classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of many abnormal behaviours‚ including phobias
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The Behavioural approach Classical conditioning- Pavlov’s dogs- Procedures and findings-Criticisms Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training. A naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response. Then‚ a previously neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually‚ the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and
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BEHAVIORISM Fred Luthans‚ James B. Avey and Brett Luthans Definition Behaviorism is a theoretical foundation with roots in psychology with an intentional focus on observable‚ measurable behavior as the primary unit of analysis (Luthans‚ Youssef‚ & Luthans‚ 2005). Behaviorism systematically analyzes the relationships between an individual’s behavior and environmental contingencies. The study and practice of behaviorism emphasizes predicting and controlling/managing behavior and thus is especially
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There are many different psychotherapy options in modern society today. I shall be focusing on the primary forms of psychotherapy‚ such as cognitive‚ humanistic and behavioural. I shall then identify the focus of each approach as well as the areas of agreement and difference. Cognitive-behavioural therapists hold that beliefs play the central role in our behaviours and feelings. These therapies share three core assumptions such as; (1) cognitions are identifiable as well as measureable. (2) cognitions
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learning apply to humans. Many ideas of behavioural approach tested on animals such as rats make generalisations to human behaviour. + strongly replicated; others reaching same conclusion makes theory more reliable. + can be easily tested through scientific study. Doesn’t blame patient. Removes all blame from patient as they have simply learnt disorder due upbringing & environment so doesn’t condemn for having disease as not held responsible. Ethical approach in this sense as not stigmatised
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Since it can be defined in many ways we first need to understand what is meant by racism. What is Racism? In his attempt of defining racism‚ Schmid considers all three approaches‚ namely the behavioural‚ motivational and cognitive approach to racism. Behavioural approach To define racism in a behavioural approach‚ Schmid quotes Peter Singer who said that racism is ‘the failure to give equal consideration based on the fact of race alone.’ This kind of prejudice is based on a feature of human nature
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality This approach focuses on the behaviour of the person to explain psychological abnormalities. It believes that the behaviour is learnt‚ and therefore can be unlearnt. It focuses on 3 different things: classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov through his work on animals. He explained the development of abnormal behaviours through stimulus-response associations
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BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH OR THE SOCIAL SCIENCE MOVEMENT Due to the fact that the classical and human relation approaches ignored the impact of social relations and of formal structure respectively‚ the behavioural perspective fused these approaches and added propositions drawn from psychology‚ sociology‚ political science‚ and economics. Such an approach differs from other behavioural sciences in its subject matter; worker behaviour in formal organizations. The pioneer of the behavioural approach to
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Behaviour approach to treating mental health disorders seek to identify and help change potentially self-destructive or unhealthy behaviours. Its focus is the idea that‚ all behaviours are learned and those unhealthy behaviours can be changed. It primarily focuses of treatment is often on current problems and how to change them (Healthline.com‚ 2016). Advantages of behaviour approach include: The approach deals with basic ideas that are clear to understand. It makes the approach easy to practice
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The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. Participant observation How do we really find out about the way of life of a group of people? One way is to join them – to participate in their daily activities & observe what they say and do. This research method is known as participant observation. It was used by John Howard Griffin (1960) a white journalist who dyed his skin black in order to discover what it was like
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