DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES-EFFECTS AND EXCEPTIONS CONCEPT The object clause of the Memorandum of the company contains the object for which the company is formed. An act of the company must not be beyond the objects clause‚ otherwise it will be ultra vires and‚ therefore‚ void and cannot be ratified even if all the members wish to ratify it. This is called the doctrine of ultra vires‚ which has been firmly established in the case of Ashtray Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd v. Riche. Thus the expression
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Voting Shares or members 1. TWO-THIRDS (2/3) of outstanding capital stock or (2/3) of the members entitled to vote Section 28. Removal of directors or trustees. – “Any director or trustee may be removed from office by a vote of stockholders holding or representing at least two-thirds (2/3) of the outstanding capital stock or if the corporation be a non-stock corporation‚ by a vote of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the members entitled to vote. “ Section 32. Dealings of directors‚ trustees or officers
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The Absolute Advantage concept is generally attributed to Adam Smith for his 1776 publication An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in which he countered mercantilist ideas. Adam Smith argued that it was impossible for all nations to become rich at the same time by following mercantilism because the export of one nation is another nation’s import and instead stated that all nations would gain simultaneously if they practiced free trade and specialized in accordance with their
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Sermon of the Mount v Buddhism Doctrines Buddhism arose in the eastern part of central Asia‚ the Tibet region‚ round the fifth century before the born of Christ. Its founder‚ Buddha‚ was an Indian native known by the name of Siddhartha Gautama. In search of spiritual discipline‚ he sought until he achieved what he believed some kind of enlightenment. After which he dedicated his life to pass his Bohdi‚ perfect knowledge‚ to others. Many centuries on‚ Buddhism is widely spread among the highly
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Due to events in Greece in 1946‚ where communists were trying to overthrow the monarchy‚ the Truman Doctrine was announced. As mentioned above‚ according to the Percentages Agreement the British were responsible for oversight of this country. However British Foreign Minister – Ernest Bevin – appealed to the USA and Truman announced in March 1947 that the USA would “support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”1. This announcement made it clear that
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Employment-At-Will Doctrine ME ME Legal 500 Professor Grey May 4‚ 2014 Abstract This paper will summarize the employment-at-will doctrine and evaluate eight (8) scenarios. In the scenarios‚ I will determine whether the employee can be fired for certain actions and what action should be taken to limit liability on operations. I will specify each theory that best supports my decision. I will also decide whether or not to adopt a whistleblower policy. I will also include
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Plain View Doctrine Misty Basford Kaplan University Plain View Doctrine This rule gives police officers the ability to seize evidence involved in a crime without a warrant if the evidence is in plain sight. This rule is limited by probable cause which requires police officers to have probable cause and believe the items in plain view are evidence before they seize them. The fourth amendment does prevent unreasonable searches and seizures. There are two ways the rule can be used. 1. The officer
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HBC 229N Analysis for Competitive Advantage Group Assignment Semester 1‚ 2012 Australian Company: Qantas Airways Ltd and Billabong International Limited Group Member: Erica Wee 418 5641 Deborah Kusiima 743 4006 Sabbir Ahmen 743 3840 Christina Chin Fung Fung 4201434 Executive Summary This report comprises of specific research on Qantas Airways Ltd. and Billabong International Ltd. (BBG) and their industries. In addition‚ primary sources such as the company’s official website
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Presidential doctrines are essentially set as a precedent for the country to follow. Doctrines are statements made to get a specific message across and are usually reserved for times of intense international and political crisis or upheaval. The Truman Doctrine‚ for example‚ stated that the United States should give support to countries threatened by Soviet forces or communist sedition; whereas the Bush Doctrine was directed towards terrorism. Both doctrines‚ however‚ served as a prototype for future
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this announcement was the Monroe Doctrine‚ asserting the limits of any further European colonization. In the early 19th century‚ the fallout of the Napoleonic Wars left European powers in disarray. With a power vacuum created‚ Spain and Portugal focused on reclaiming their former colonies in North America. Simultaneously‚ fueled by Enlightenment ideals and disaffection for colonial rule‚ Latin America was inspired by a movement of independence. The Monroe Doctrine established the United States as
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