all comes together 1 Understanding how fallacies‚ critical thinking and decision making techniques are all linked together. What is a logical fallacy? According to the Webster dictionary (1996)‚ a fallacy is a false notion. A statement or argument based on a false or invalid inference. Fallacies can be divided into two different groups; the first one is the fallacy of relevance where the premises are irrelevant to the outcome. The other is fallacy of insufficient evidence‚ where the premises
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Base Rate Fallacy Base rate fallacy is when probabilistic inference is made based only on data relating specifically to the situation but ignores additional background or general data relating to the instance of the situation that sometimes leads to wrong conclusions. Base rate fallacy is a “paradigmatic Bayesian inference problem” (Bar-Hillel‚ 1979). If we consider a situation where a hit and run occurred at night in a city where there are 2 cab companies and a cab was suspected to have been involved
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The Study of Cognitive & Affective Bases of Psychology Cognitive and affective psychology is the empirical branch of psychology‚ which aims to answer all questions regarding human activities‚ related to knowledge and emotions‚ such as‚ how we think‚ learn‚ and remember. It is grounded on the theory that thoughts and emotions affect our behavior; furthermore‚ behavior can be changed through a modification of our thoughts or emotions. Cognitive psychologists examine how our minds obtain
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The Affective Filter Meghan Borman Texas Woman’s University There are many processes that second language learners can use to acquire a second language. One process involves the Affective Filter Hypothesis. The Affective Filter Hypothesis is one of Krashen’s five hypotheses that addresses the relationship between second language acquisition and affective filters or social-emotional variables. In this hypothesis‚ the lower the affective filter is the more likely a learner will acquire a second
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The Affective Filter Hypothesis Nowadays‚ studying a second language becomes more and more important‚ so how to grasp the second language well and quickly becomes a significant topic. Since I learned some related theory from this weeks class‚ I found one of the five hypotheses of the natural approaches which attract my attention. In the 1970s‚ Stephen D. Krashen put forward a famous theory Affective Filter Hypothesis‚ and it helps teachers and learners to have a great progress on learning second
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Analysis Have you ever encountered the use of fallacies? Fallacies are present all of the time. The use of fallacies is common in today’s society. A fallacy is the use of poor‚ or invalid‚ reasoning for the construction of an argument. The use of fallacies can be found in most advertisements. Such as the Colgate Total advertisement which claims to fight plaque germs that other toothpaste brands let back. This piece of literature contains fallacies and persuasive techniques. Claims are made throughout
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never know where you are to stop. Many a man has dated his ruin from some murder or other that perhaps he thought little of at the time.” Second Paper On Murder. Thomas De Quincey. This clearly demonstrates the slippery slope fallacy. The author tells of sequences by assuming that because a man murders he will fall into other crimes‚ yet he provides no proof of either argument. 12. Ad Populum “Everyone is selfish; everyone is doing what he believes will make himself
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Peter‚ Peter’s Quotations: Ideas for Our Time‚ p.425.) A fallacy is an (as cited in “List of fallacies” from Wikipedia‚ pg. 1) “incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity‚ or more generally‚ a lack of soundness.” Knowing what defines a fallacy and how to dispute one can provide clarity on valid arguments. There are formal and informal fallacies that commonly used in arguments that are not sound. There are fallacies can be very difficult to detect because the reader has
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conclusion could still be false. If the argument is valid‚ no counterexample is possible. 5. What is the Ad Hominem fallacy? This is an argument that attacks the person rather than the substance of the persons argument. 6. What is the slippery slope fallacy? The slippery slope fallacy has the form : x could possibly be abused ‚ therefore‚ we should not allow x. 7. What is the fallacy
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Fallacies in Disguise: A Review of the Fallacious World of Media and Literature Raul A. Medina Professor Arangno Critical Thinking 14 May 2013 In the world we live in‚ we often forget about the things that we strive to go after because there is an infinite number of distractions that deviate us from such goals. And we have a tendency to do this over and over again. Such distractions are usually temporary and do not last for long before
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