India’s struggle for independence by Bipan Citandra Indian National Congress Founded * Founded in December 1885 by 72 political workers. * First organised expression of Indian nationalism on an all-India scale A powerful and long lasting myth ‘the safety valve’ had arisen around this question. The myth is that The Indian National Congress: * Started by A.O.Hume and other under the official direction‚ guidance and advice of no less a person that Lord Dufferin‚ the Viceroy * Was
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The third and final phase of the Nationalist Movement [1917-1947] is known as the Gandhian era. During this period Mahatma Gandhi became the undisputed leader of the National Movement. His principles of nonviolence and Satyagraha were employed against the British Government. Gandhi made the nationalist movement a mass movement. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born at Porbandar in Gujarat on 2 October 1869. He studied law in England. He returned to India in 1891. In April 1893 he went to South Africa
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accomplished through peaceful means such as‚ changing the way many South Africans saw Indians. This was a huge achievement because at the time racism was open and very commonly used. Gandhi never rioted‚ he only campaigned. In 1919 Gandhi became the “leader in the newly- formed Indian National Congress party”. Gandhi advocated passive resistance to British rules and submission to their aggression. He did not fight with the South Africans but did make it really clear that “he would go to jail or even die
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The Indian National Congress (Hindi: भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस) (also known as the Congress‚ and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. It is the largest and oldest democratic political party in the world.[1][2][3] Founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume‚ Dadabhai Naoroji‚ Dinshaw Wacha‚ Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee‚ Surendranath Banerjee‚ Monomohun Ghose‚ Mahadev Govind Ranade[4] and William Wedderburn‚ the Indian National Congress became the leader of the Indian Independence Movement
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examination and was placed second. However‚ he resigned from the prestigious Indian Civil Service in April 1921 despite his high ranking in the merit list‚ and went on to become an active member of India’s independence movement. He joined the Indian National Congress‚ and was particularly active in its youth wing. Subhash Chandra Bose felt that young militant groups could be molded into a military arm of the freedom movement and used to further the cause. Gandhiji opposed this ideology because it directly
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disobedience led by the Indian National Congress (INC). Independence coincided with the partition of India‚ in which the British Indian Empire was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties‚ and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to sectarian violence. On 17 Aug 1947‚ Jawaharlal Nehru‚ who had become the first Prime Minister of India that day‚ raised the Indian national flag above the Lahore Gate
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Mohandas Gandhi’s call for immediate independence. The All-India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "an orderly British withdrawal" from India. The call for determined‚ but passive resistance appears in his call to Do or Die‚ issued on 8 August at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai on year 1942. The British were prepared to act. Almost the entire [INC] leadership‚ and not just at the national level‚ was imprisoned without trial within hours after Gandhi’s speech—at
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establish lifelong‚ comprehensive coverage for health care. A single-payer system would take the charge of insurance premiums off of employers and put it on the people as a nation‚ where it belongs. I can’t think of a more pro-business step that Congress could take at this time. It’s also the right thing to do‚ the humane thing to do. Obamacare doesn’t address the lack of sustainability of our healthcare system. It won’t keep insurance prices down‚ more than 30 million people will remain uninsured
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usually stipulates a country’s social system and basic principles of state system‚ the basic principles of activities and organizations of state departments‚ and the basic rights and obligations of its citizens. Some constitutions also legalize the national flag‚ anthem‚ emblem‚ capital‚ and other systems that the government believes touches the lives of its citizens. The constitution is entitled with the highest legislative power. All other laws and regulations have to subject to the constitution and
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secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence. Again Bose was arrested and jailed for civil disobedience; this time he emerged to become Mayor of Calcutta in 1930. During the mid-1930s Bose travelled in Europe‚ visiting Indian students and European politicians‚ including Benito Mussolini. He observed party organisation and saw communism and fascism in action. By 1938 Bose had become a leader of national stature and agreed to accept nomination as Congress president.
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