their service or product costs‚ and eliminate services or products that incur profit losses. Using a traditional costing system the portion of overhead costs allocated to the production of a service or product is determined by the total of direct labor hours used in production of the service or product. Companies implement refined cost allocation systems such as the activity based costing method with the intention of helping management strategically plan because these systems provide quality information
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a larger level of output than the minimum average total cost d. at the same level of output as the average fixed costs e. same as minimum marginal cost 2. The multiplant monopolist maximises profits when a. Marginal cost equals marginal revenue b. When marginal cost in each plant are equal c. When average cost in each plant is equal d. When marginal revenue in each plant is zero e. When he produces only in the low cost plant 3. If the market price is exactly equal to average cost‚
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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY: The law of diminishing marginal utility describes a familiar and fundamental tendency of humanbehavior. The law of diminishing marginal utility states that: “As a consumer consumes more and more units of a specific commodity‚ the utility from the successiveunits goes on diminishing”. Mr. H. Gossen‚ a German economist‚ was first to explain this law in 1854. Alfred Marshal later onrestated this law in the following words: “The additional benefit which a person
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COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Target Costing at Toyota Akriti Kapoor 11PGDM003 Section A Introduction There are numerous differences between management practices in Western companies and companies in Japan. One of the main differences is related to cost reduction. A manager in Europe or the United States generally expects to use cost information to make decisions about pricing and investments‚ while a Japanese manager expects to use cost information to control costs. Toyota uses cost
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Total‚ average‚ and marginal product Total Product Curve The total product (or total physical product) of a variable factor of production identifies what outputs are possible using various levels of the variable input. This can be displayed in either a chart that lists the output level corresponding to various levels of input‚ or a graph that summarizes the data into a “total product curve”. The diagram shows a typical total product curve. In this example‚ output increases as more inputs
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ABC Costing Activity-based costing (ABC) is a special costing model that identifies activities in an organization and assigns the cost of each activity with resources to all products and services according to the actual consumption by each. This model assigns more indirect costs (overhead) into direct costs compared to conventional costing models. Aims of model With ABC‚ an organization can soundly estimate the cost elements of entire products and services. That may prepare decisions on
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KAIZEN COSTING FOR A RESTAURANT ABSTRACT Kaizen is a Japanese term for “continuous improvement” or “continual improvement”. A philosophy that involves making the work environment more efficient and effective. Kaizen aims to eliminate waste such as “activities that adds cost but does not add value”. It also means “to take it apart and put it back together in a better way”. This is then followed by standardization of this ‘better way’ with others‚ through standardized work. The key objectives
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Gender - Jantina House Phone Number - Nombor Telefon Rumah Postal Address - Alamat Rumah Mobile Phone Number - Nombor Telefon Bimbit Email address - Alamat Email OTHER INFORMATION – MAKLUMAT LAIN How did you hear about AFS? - Bagaimanakah anda mengetahui mengenai AFS? Online School Road Show Internet Sekolah Promosi Bergerak Friends Newspaper Others Kawan Suratkhabar Lain-lain My preferred countries are (kindly refer to the list of programs offered): Negara-negara
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Activity Based Costing The major strength of activity based costing is the ability to estimate the cost of individual products and services precisely. By transferring overhead costs to individual units of products or services‚ ABC helps identify inefficient or non-profitable products or activities that help into the profitability of efficient processes or highly profitable products. 1. More accurate costing of products/services Product cost determination under activity-based costing is more accurate
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standard costs in a departmentalized factory. Distinguish between actual and applied factory overhead. Standard Costing •The purpose of standard cost accounting is to control costs and promote efficiency. •It is not another accounting method for accumulating manufacturing costs‚ but is used in conjunction with such methods as job order‚ process‚ or backflush costing. •Standard costing is based on predetermination of what it should cost to manufacture a product‚ and the inventory accounts are debited
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