UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE SCHOOL OF LAW COURSEWORK FOR ASPECTS OF EUROPEAN LAW (2LAW0043) DATE - 16th March 2010 ‘The useful effect of a directive would be weakened if individuals were prevented from relying on it before their national courts...’ Van Duyn v Home Office (Case 41/74) Discuss the above statement in the light of the doctrine of direct effect and the later doctrines developed by the ECJ. In order to discuss the above statement
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Why did World War 2 start? People think it was because of Hitler killing all of the Jews. But that is not the whole story. There are many other reasons why. The causes of World War 2 were the Treaty of Versailles‚ Hitler’s childhood and beliefs‚ and the failure of appeasement. One of the causes of World War 2 was the Treaty of Versailles. Germany lost their land as part of the settlement of World War One. Adolf Hitler believed he was supposed to be the ruler of the world and wanted to reclaim
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The Great Depression Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929‚ which may well be "the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system‚"( ) few know of the many Americans who lost their homes‚ life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression
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The most important contribution to European expansion was the search for new trade routes. Christopher Columbus in 1492 accidentally stumbled across the Americas on his way to India in search of foreign goods and a new‚ quicker path to get to them. The Europeans already had trade routes‚ but each of them had a flaw. Either the route was too long‚ too costly‚ or too long. The main countries of their times sent different explorer’s to find new trade routes. Portuguese Prince Henry (the Navigator)
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The late middle ages was the period of European history from 1300 to 1450‚ where prosperity and growth came to an end and the famines and plagues began. The Hundred Years’ War drained both England and France of resources while the Black Death caused the population of Europe to decrease drastically. Unfortunately‚ the Fourteenth Century saw several setbacks to the progress of the High Middle Ages. With the Hundred Years War and the Black Death came many changes for Europe‚ including inflation‚ advances
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The causes of World War I‚ which began in central Europe in early July 1914‚ included many intertwined factors‚ such as the conflicts and hostility of the four decades leading up to the war. Militarism‚ alliances‚ imperialism‚ and nationalism played major roles in the conflict as well. However‚ the immediate origins of the war lay in the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914‚ casus belli for which was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and
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The Europeans introduced Africa to guns‚ germs‚ and steels which transformed their society and dynamics. In the mid-1600s‚ Europeans were the first settlers of Africa and established their community by farming and herding cattle. The Europeans lived in proximity with their domesticated animals that carried diseases. Over time‚ the Europeans developed a resistance to the virus but the Cape and Koi- San tribe did not have immunity to the virus and developed smallpox. Around the 1830s‚ the European expanded
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citizen which is not a member state of European Union (EU). Consequently‚ she does not have any right on her own status under European Law (EU). However she is married to Roger who is a British citizen. As a British citizen Roger is also citizen of the European Union. Article 20(1) Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Juanita can claim certain rights under EU law as Roger’s spouse. So‚ Roger’s status and rights need to be determined. As a European Union citizen Roger can move to any
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After the industrial revolution‚ imperialism became a common practice of European nations to take over weaker nations or regions and dominates its economic‚ political‚ and cultural life. Imperialism affected many countries in Asia such as China‚ India‚ Japan‚ and Africa. European expansion began in the 15th century however the process greatly accelerated in the 19th century. British economic and political interest in India began in the 17th century‚ when the East India Company established trading
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Why did the world go to war in 1914? In 28 July 1914‚ the war started which created over 37 million casualties and put people through blood‚ fear‚ which later named as World War 1 the war took 4 years‚ 3 months and 1 week‚ leaving memory to people during the world that they will never forget with the unpleasant sequel. Even though the war ended 1918‚ which is 96 years from now‚ but still there are a lot of hypothesis‚ theories‚ and even conspiracy theory about why did the world go to war in 1914
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